經歷兒少安置的自立生活者之安全依附關係探究

The study of Secure Attachment for Independent-Living Young Adult Experienced Placement.

許令旻(LING-MIN SHEU)

指導教授 ： 孫世維

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會工作學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

國外一系列針對經歷兒少安置的自立生活者研究發現，若自立生活者在安置系統中至少與一位系統照顧者建立安全依附關係，則有助於其自立生活期間的穩定性。故本研究欲探討，在不利於安全依附關係形成的兒少安置系統中，這些自立生活者是如何與系統照顧者形成安全依附關係；安全依附關係對自立生活者的功能；以及離開安置系統之後與系統照顧者的聯繫情況，和自立生活者對關係的未來展望。
本研究採用深度訪談法，以自立生活者的觀點進行其與系統照顧者安全依附關係形成與功能的探究。透過立意抽樣，共訪談六位自立生活者。研究發現如下：

(一) 在兒少安置期間，當安置兒少與系統照顧者形成安全依附關係之後，無論是居住在安置機
構或寄養家庭，皆擁有家庭的歸屬感。
(二) 以自立生活者的觀點回顧兒少安置期間，與系統照顧者安全依附關係的形成。
(三) 安置全期與系統照顧者建立安全依附關係的重要性。
(四) 照顧者提供自立生活者在安置期間擁有家庭的歸屬感、情感支持、角色模範與評估型的支
持。自立生活者獲得的支持與改變則包括，促進個人的發展、自信的提升、兩性互動的瞭
解與角色模範的學習。
(五) 關係的持續性使得自立生活者與依附對象形成了另類家人的關係。在自立生活期間，他們可提供自立生活者在情感、資訊、工具與評估型等支持。自立生活者認為照顧者會持續的在他們生活當中，甚至提供了積極上向的動力。

根據上述研究發現，本研究提出幾點建議，期能提供相關單位或實務工作者，共同建構友善安置兒少與系統照顧者建立安全依附關係的安置環境。

關鍵字

自立生活者；安全依附關係；系統照顧者(依附對象)；安置

並列摘要

Literature reviews point out if an independent-living young adult has developed secure attachment with at least one caregiver, it will contribute to the stability of his independent living.Placement itself is harmful to the formation of secure attachment; therefore, this study attempts to explore how these independent-living adults form a secure attachment with their caregiver, the function of the secure attachment for the independent-living young adult, the contact they keep with their caregiver after leaving the placement ,and their aspiration for this relationship.
This study uses in-depth interviewing. It explores how to form the secure attachment between the independent-living young adult and their caregiver from placement from the independent-living young people’s view. Six independent-living young adult are interviewed in depth by the researcher in this study. The research findings are as follows:

1. When their secure attachment with the caregiver is formed in placement, they have the sense of belonging whether they live in residential care or foster home.
2. The development of secure attachment between the independent-living young adult and their caregiver from the view of those young people.
3. The importance of having secure attachment with their caregiver throughout placement for the children.
4. The caregivers offer sense of belonging , emotional support, role model and appraisal support during placement. The gains of the independent-living young people are as follows, promotion of individual development and confidence, understanding of the opposite sex , and the learning from the role model.
5. While the relationship is sustained, it creates alternative family relationship between the independent-living young adult and the caregivers. The caregivers offer the emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal support after the placement. The independent-living young adult believe the caregivers will continue to be in their lives and even motivate them.

Based on the above findings, this study offers several suggestions for the authorities concerned and practical workers in the construction of friendly placement environment with the aim to develope secure attachment between children and their caregivers.

並列關鍵字

independent-living；young adult ；secure attachment ；caregiver (attachment figure) ；placement

參考文獻

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