排放交易制度對能源密集產業碳風險與碳洩漏之影響評估

Assessment of Emission Trading System on Carbon Risk and Carbon Leakage Impact for Energy Intensity Industries, in Taiwan.

江佳蓁(Chia-Chen Chiang)

指導教授 ： 李堅明

共同指導教授 ： 曾瓊瑤(Chiung-Yao Tseng)

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

為因應全球暖化（global warming）與氣候變遷（climate change），實施碳排放限制，已成為各國的主要政策與措施，從而提高產業的碳風險值降低其產業競爭力，結果產生碳洩漏的問題，已引起國際先進國家與學術界的關注（European Commission, 2008; de Bruyn et al., 2008; Fischer and Fox, 2004），並思考利用邊境調整（border adjustment）方式，減緩碳洩漏問題。

本研究有三個主要目的，分別為：(1)本研究首先建立理論模型，探討排放交易制度影響代表性廠商碳風險（包括防制成本、排放權購買成本與電力成本等）之關鍵因子；(2)本研究利用計量經濟方法，實證台灣能源密集產業的碳風險狀態；(3)利用GTAP-E模型評估台灣與相關國家間之碳洩漏現象。

關鍵字

能源密集產業；排放交易；碳風險；碳洩漏；產業競爭力

並列摘要

To respond to climate change and global warming, the emissions trading scheme has become a major global economic instrument. Under the scheme, industrial carbon dioxide emissions will be limited by the government. This will increase carbon risk and has a negative impact on its competitiveness. This then causes the problem called carbon leakage. These issues are a concern for government and academia in general. One of the concerning issues is “ Border Adjustment “, limiting the impact of industries moving away from the country. (European Commission, 2008; de Bruyn et al., 2008; Fischer and Fox, 2004)

This research has a three major purposes. Firstly, this research builds up a theoretical model to discuss how the factors of carbon risk influence the value added and market share on representative company. These factors include abatement cost, purchase cost of allowance, and electricity cost etc. Secondly, the study uses econometric methodology to run an empirical analysis of carbon risk on energy intensity industries, in Taiwan. Thirdly, introducing GTAP-E model to assess how the effect of carbon leakage of nation-wide compares with other countries.

並列關鍵字

Energy Intensity Industry； Emission Trading scheme；Carbon Risk；Carbon Leakage； Industries competitiveness

參考文獻

Demailly, D. and P. Quirion (2006), “CO2 abatement, competitiveness and leakage in the European cement industry under the EU ETS : grandfathering versus output - based allocation. ”

Fischer, C. and A. Fox (2009), “Comparing policies to combat emissions leakage：Border Tax Adjustments versus Rebates. ”

Kenber, M., O. Haugen and M. Cobb (2009), “The Effects of EU Climate Legislation on Business Competitiveness: A Survey and Analysis.” The German Marshall Fund of the United States.

Kuik, O. and H. Marjan (2010), “Border Adjustment for European Emissions Trading：Competitiveness and carbon leakage.” Energy Policy 38, 1741-1748.

一、中文部分