台灣花園城市 中興新村－烏托邦想像之境?

Taiwan’s Garden City：Chung-hsin New Town and It’s Utopian Dearm?

戴嘉慧(Chia-Huie Dai)

指導教授 ： 郭肇立

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

在過去，<烏托邦>被視為市民社會的表徵，是一個由下而上，人民對抗威權統治
下，追尋社會公平與正義的一個批判。然，在台灣，因其特殊的時空、政策與社會的變遷因素下，1955 年，國民政府將台灣省政府遷離臺北，引用西方花園城市作為都市計畫雛型的規劃場域，在南投建蓋中興新村，成為台灣城市發展中的特殊案例。不同於西方市民社會下的烏托邦概念，台灣承襲過去被殖民統治與威權統治的社會權力不平等之狀態，在主體性的缺乏下，台灣產生遙望西方的美麗幻想，將西方花園城市理論全盤的複製移植，在台灣特殊的政治環境下，變相形成由集權政府打造的，由上而下-集權者的想像烏托邦。即便台灣已從「戒嚴」的威權統治時期走向「解嚴」的自由民主，但在解嚴後，中興新村內的規劃，仍繼續變相為政治、經濟利益者與集權者獨攬討論下的單一想像，囿於過去長期威權統治下，強壓公民權利與意識，間接造就的公民力量的式微與變形，致使中興新村的定位不斷處於動盪的狀態中。隨著人民力量興起，民主化過程中，集權者的想像藍圖將頓入衰敗，期以市民社會的角度，以唯有透過公開透明的平台，聆聽真實的人民聲音才能更靠近烏托邦作為概念，予以都市計畫新的思考。

關鍵字

中興新村 ； 花園城市 ； 烏托邦

並列摘要

In the past, “Utopian”, which was considered as the characterization of civil society, is a critique of the pursuit of social equity and justice of people against the authoritarian rule in a bottom-up approach. However, due to the particular time, policy, and factors of social change in Taiwan, the National Government evicted the Taiwan Government from Taipei City in 1955. The National Government introduced the Garden City Concept of the western society as a prototype of urban planning and built the Chung-hsing New Town in Nantou, which became a distinctive case of the Taiwan's urban development.
Unlike the concept of “Utopian” perceived by the western civil society, Taiwan inherited colonial domination and authoritarian rule of the social power inequalities in the past. Therefore, causing the imagination of “Utopian” of the totalitarian built and formed by the disguised totalitarian government under Taiwan’s political environment in a top-down approach. Due to the absence of subjectivity, however, Taiwan over-fantasized the western world, leading to the replication and transplantation of the Garden City Concept from the western society.
Even though Taiwan has lifted the "martial law" under authoritarian reign to become "liberation" of freedom and democracy, ever since the lifting of martial law, the town planning of Chung-hsing New Town continued to be disguised as political, economic stakeholders and individuals with centralization of power who monopolized the discussions of fantasy. As a result of oppressed civil rights and awareness in the authoritarian rule over a long period of time, it created a decline of civic strength and deformation indirectly, resulting in the positioning of Town in turmoil.
In the process of democratization, the “People Power” rose gradually. The fantasized blueprint of individuals with centralization of power bogged down into decay. The ideal concept of “Utopian” ought to take the perspective of civil society through an open and transparent platform into account for the real voice of the people. This would give the concept of Utopian and urban planning a contemporary approach.

並列關鍵字

Chung-hsin New Town ； Garden City ； Utopian

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