產業環境快速變動,企業必須提升本身的競爭優勢,以因應外界的變動。國內航空業在政府「開放天空」政策後,由原先的少數幾家快速成長,但近幾年受到政府政策與其他運輸業不斷衝擊的情形下,載客量呈現下滑的現象,造成釵h航空公司進行整併或退出產業。 本研究利用資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis)評估國內四家航空公司(遠東、復興、立榮、華信)的營運效率。根據運輸業的營運活動分成兩個階段的生產過程(Two-stage Production Process)—生產階段與行銷階段進行探討。為克服決策單位數量過少之限制,採用視窗分析之概念以提升鑑定效率值之穩定度,並藉由部分數據的重複採計,以充分利用有限的資料。研究期間為民國88至91年四個年度。 實證結果顯示,過去資料包絡分析法單一階段模式所評估出來之平均效率值,明顯較二階段所評估出之結果來得高,且具有效率的決策單位個數也比分成兩個階段評估結果還要多。此固然是因為投入產出項較多所導致,但卻因此降低了效率評估的鑑別能力。此外,二階段資料包絡分析法更能夠呈現出國內航空運輸業營運效率之內涵,讓每個航空公司了解其在四個年度中不同階段的優勢與劣勢,針對其經營策略加以調整,應有實質上之幫助。
Corporations need to enhance their competitive advantages to keep up with rapid changes in business world. The number of Taiwanese domestic airliners grew up rapidly due to the government’s “Open Sky” policy. However, severe competition and alternative transportation carriers have damaged the passenger airline business and occupancy rate declined. This research utilized Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the operating efficiency of four domestic airliners, which include Far Eastern, Trans Asia, UNI Air, Mandarin Airline. A two-stage (production and marketing stage) DEA approach along with window analysis was adopted to analyze airliners’ operation data during 1999 and 2002. The results show that two-stage DEA performs better than one-stage DEA and has better discrimination capability on the evaluation of efficiency among 16 decision making units. Airliners can utilize the study’s results to adjust the company’s operation strategy in order to enhance efficiency and increase profitability.