塗料工業之揮發性有機污染物排放特徵研究

Characteristics of VOCs Emission from Paint Industry

陳文政(Wen-Cheng Chen)

指導教授 ： 童淑珠

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究主要為探討塗料業之揮發性有機污染物（VOCs）的排放方式、排放來源、及其可行之削減方式，著眼在原物料運送儲放及製程方式，探討經濟及技術可行的方法進行減量效益計算。
本研究選擇國內三家塗料製造廠，從原物料、製程、作業管理及管末端的VOCs著手，探討可行的削減方法或技術。案例一業者設有生物滴濾塔以去除管線中的揮發性有機物，VOCs主要是來自油性塗料所使用的溶劑，依據揮發性有機物空氣污染防制費申報資料，使用公告的排放係數，每年排放量約為79公噸。但除了管線中的VOCs，本廠的逸散源顯然問題較嚴重，逸散源來自溶劑的儲槽、塗料的分裝、溶劑的傾卸、未加蓋的桶槽、開放式的研磨裝置及廢溶劑的收集等，逸散量無法估計。因此本廠如要減少VOCs的排放，首先須提高VOCs的收集效率，建議作業區裝設崗亭式氣罩、開放面加裝垂簾，以阻絕VOCs的逸散，提高集氣效率至80%以上。就經濟效益 ，業者無減量誘因。
案例二業者廠內生產流程，除充填作業，其餘作業皆為密閉空間，所有作業區都有裝設上吸式集氣管道，統一集氣排入活性碳吸附塔吸附處理後排放。則全廠未控制前VOC年排放量為39604.2 kg/yr。廠內1套活性碳吸附塔，容量300~400 kg，每季更換ㄧ次，則全廠控制後VOC年排放量為38884.2 kg/yr。如依96年業者委託檢測公司之實測數據，則每年VOC排放量為僅2068.8 kg/yr，與空污費排放係數計算之VOC排放量38884.2 kg/yr差異甚大。 由此判斷，業者訂定自廠係數是較為有利的方向。另外，排氣中有毒性物質苯、甲苯、二甲苯，空污費的支出增加，根據廠內收集管道末端廢氣量低(200 Nm3/min)，中等的VOC濃度(500 mg/Nm3)，生物濾床操作條件彈性大，初設費低，可減少空污費373,284元，又可申請設備補助450,000元，應是不錯的選擇。
案例三以環保署訂定之塗裝業排放係數計算，該廠96年之VOCs申報量為135.798公噸，空污費1,581,576元/年，若以質量平衡法估算VOCs僅96公噸/年，因此，該廠之VOC年逸散排放量有減少之空間。該廠5座活性碳吸附槽對VOC之吸附量僅有99公斤，對全年之VOC排放去除率僅達0.073 ％，去除率不大，建議該廠使用蓄熱式焚化或活性碳吸附法二方案。新設兩部大型活性碳槽，可減少空污費1,042,928元，設備投資500萬可申請75萬補助。設置蓄熱式焚化設備，對排氣中VOC的去除率可為98%，年省空污費達100%。

關鍵字

印刷業 ； 揮發性有機物 ； 排放係數 ； 質量平衡 ； 有害空氣污染物

並列摘要

The purposes of this study was to understand the characteristics of VOCs emission from paint industry (including the emission approaches, emission sources and feasible reduce methods of VOCs. Besides, the reduction efficiencies of VOCs from delivery and storage of raw materials and the process by the economic and technical feasibility methods were evaluated.
In this study, possible VOCs reduction methods or techniques were valuated from raw materials, processes, operation management and control at the end of three painters selected. Case one removs the VOCs from oil-based solvents collected in pipeline with bio-trickling reactor. The annual emission was about 79 tons based on disclosure information of VOCs air pollution control fee with emission coefficients. In addition to VOCs of pipeline, the factory's release source was clearly more serious problems from storage tank of solvent, package of coating, dumping of solvent, grinding device and collection of waste solvents, etc. To reduce emissions of VOCs, the collection efficiency of VOCs must increased to 80% by work area equipped with booth-style hood and curtain to avoid the dissipation of VOCs. The reduction incentive does not exist on economic benefits.
Case two, except procedure of filling, all units were in confined spaces during production process. All work areas were equipped suction gas gathering system, then, the gathering gas was transferred to the tower of activated carbon. The emission of VOCs for whole plant was 39604.2 kg / yr before treatment. The emission of VOCs was 38884.2 kg/yr after adsorption of activated carbon, which was replaced quarterly with the capacity of 300 ~ 400 kg. In 2007, the annual VOCs emission was only 2068.8 kg/yr estimated with the measured data. For case two, compare to the 38884.2 kg / yr estimated with emission coefficient, the factory coefficients are more favorable. Besides, the low amount exhaust (200 Nm3/min) from end of the pipe and moderate VOC concentrations, bio-filter bed should be a good treatment system with operating conditions of flexibility, low initial cost to reduce the air pollution fee of 373,284 dollars.
Case three, in 2007, the emission of VOCs was 135.798 tons and air pollution fee of 1,581,576 dollars under calculation with EPA emission coefficients, but the emission of VOCs was only 96 tons under estimate with mass balance. Hence the factory coefficients are more favorable. Five adsorption slots of activated carbon just removed 0.073% of annual emissions of VOCs. Regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) and two new large-scale adsorption towers of activated carbon should be selected to treatment VOCs, and the two system reduce the air pollution fee of 1,042,928 dollars and 1,581,576 dollars, respectively.

並列關鍵字

paint industry ； volatile organic compounds ； emission coefficient ； mass balance ； hazardous air pollutants

參考文獻

1.高雄市政府環保局空氣污染防制網站(http://61.218.233.198/dispPageBox/AQMPHP.aspx?ddsPageID=AQMPHP)

2.司洪濤、吳懷莒 、 張豐堂、粘愷峻(2007)，產業因應揮發性有機物(VOCs)法規管制、收費制度重點及實廠減量技術評估案例(上)，環保e報第42期。

3.揮發性有機物廢氣減量及處理技術手冊2007年更新版，經濟部工業局。

4.粘愷峻(2007)，VOC管制、收費制度介紹及因應作法建議(桃園縣環保局 VOC排放管制與控制技術講習會)

5.陳見財、司洪濤、吳懷莒、張豐堂、張智能、粘愷峻(2007)，產業因應VOCs管制、收費重點及實廠減量技術評估案例(中) (http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/eta/epaper/PDF/ti048-2.pdf)