以直流無刷馬達為動力之電動代步車控制器之設計與實現

我國人口快速老化，加上生活習慣的改變，衍生出許多慢性病、功能性障礙及相關的醫療復健問題，因此電動代步車對於年老體衰者、病患或不良於行者，是相當貼心的輔助工具。近年來，國內醫療器材產業在政府大力支持下，快速成長。其中，電動代步車己逐漸踏上國際舞臺，再加上全世界對於兼具能源與環保效益相關的電動車日益重視，電動輪椅之製造技術及性能品質的提升變得非常重要。大部分電動代步車，主要還是以直流馬達為主，因為其控制容易，驅動電路簡單為最大優點，但直流馬達需要碳刷及換向片來做換向，而在換向時碳刷會產生火花，造成磨損，提高維護成本。近年來，業界開始使用無刷DC 馬達，具有效率高、體積小、免維修、製造形狀不受限制等優點。但是無刷馬達控制線路較為複雜，製造技術高，成本昂貴，尚無法完全取代直流馬達。本篇論文，設計以一個數位信號處理器(dsPIC 30F3011)為基礎，配合三相電橋控制電路之硬體架構，建構無刷馬達電動代步車的運動控制器。實驗結果發現，技術的關鍵所在於MOSFET的溫升快慢，溫升速度將會影響電動代步車的穩定性。如何使MOSFET的溫升減緩將會是未來研究的方向。

關鍵字

電動代步車；直流無刷馬達(BLDC) ；數位信號處理器

並列摘要

Taiwan now is an aged country. Besides, the prosperous development of industry has changed compatriotic life style. The abnormal habits, diet, and less exercise cause many chronic illnesses, functional handicaps and rehabilitations. There is a great necessity and development in Electric Vehicles regarding for the aged and patients. In last few years, with the government’s support, the domestic medical supplies industry developed prosperously. Especially, the development of Electric Vehicle has played an important role in international competition. Above all, the world focuses on both energy-saving and environmental protection benefit. Research and development of the Electric Vehicles become much more important. Majority of the domestic Electric Vehicle manufacturers rely mainly on DC motor at present. Its control is apt to drive the circuit simply to be the greatest advantage, but the DC motor needs carbon brushes and reversing slices to reverse. The carbon brushes will spark when reversing. It’s worn down easily and result in maintain cost rising as its defects. Recently, some manufactures start to use Brushless DC Motor, which is high efficiency, smaller volume, exempts services and manufacture shape is not limited. However, the Brushless DC Motor’s control method is complex, the manufacture technique is high, the cost is expensive. This is the reason why the Brushless DC Motor can not substitute for DC Motor completely. In this paper, we take DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR (dsPIC 30F3011) as the foundation, coordinating with three-phase electric bridge control circuit, to design the Brushless DC Motor Electric Vehicle movement controller. Experimental result shows that the technical key lies in temperature rising speed of MOSFET. It will affect the electrical operating stability of vehicle. How to decrease the MOSFET temperature rising speed is the next research subject.

並列關鍵字

Electric Vehicle ； Brushless DC Motor(BLDC) ； DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR(DSP)

參考文獻

[12]張簡嘉任，數位式電動輪椅/代步車控制器系統之設計與發展，碩士論文，國立成功大學醫學工程研究所，台南，2002。

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[20] Y. Murrai, Y. Kawase, K Negatake, and K. Okuyama, “Torque ripple improvement for brushless dc miniature motors,” IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 441-450, May 1989.

[21] S. Hwang, and D. K. lieu, “Design techniques for reduction of reluctance torque in brushless permanent magnet motors,” IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp.4287-4289, Nov 1994.

[22] R. Carlson, M. Lajoie-Mazenc, and J. Fagundes, “Analysis of torque ripple due to phase commutation in brushless DC machines,” IEEE Trans. Industry Applications,vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 632-638, May 1992.

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以直流無刷馬達為動力之電動代步車控制器之設計與實現

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