熱泵節能設備發展與空調應用

Development of Heat Pump Energy Saving Equipment and Air Conditioning Application

歐進斌(Chin-Pin Ou)

指導教授 ： 吳庭年

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

熱泵系統可在合理的價格下提供穩定、安全的熱源，也包含製冷的功能。熱泵系統為一種高效能的節能設備，熱泵可將熱由源頭傳送至使用端使用，如將水加熱，在冬天時也可利用工業或商業行為所產生的廢熱作為熱源使用，因此熱泵為潔淨、無污染的一種加熱製冷設備，只需提供將熱能轉移所需的能量。熱泵種類主要分為五種：空氣對空氣, 空氣對水, 水對空氣, 地對空氣與地對水。
傳統的空調系統需消耗非常高的能源，尤其是在炎熱或潮濕的區域。許多的製造業或商業住宅區皆使用大量的能源於製程或室內排熱。熔爐、工廠製程、機械設備、電腦系統與燈光皆會有廢熱產生。應用熱泵可吸收廢熱將水加熱或作為空調使用，可減少能源的消耗。
熱泵系統必須依據使用者的需求來進行熱泵設計，才可達到最大的節能效益，最佳化的熱泵系統依使用者的需求而有所不同，必須考慮到成本、建築特色, 氣候條件與設備特性等，因此本研究藉由目前熱泵技術應用於商業住宅與學校的案例，提供熱泵系統使用者相關的資訊，並說明目前熱泵系統的發展動態，及評估未來空調應用之可行性。
在適當的規劃運作下，熱泵加熱性能係數 COP 都可大於 3 以上時，節能效益約可達60%以上。台灣地區太陽能熱水器的普及率約達6.41%，如政府能對熱泵結合太陽能設備進行額外補助，除可進一步增加節能效率，對於提升能源使用者的興趣。製造業是台灣最大的能源使用者，政府也可提供補助或獎勵措施，如節稅或是公開表揚，同時提升產業形象，促使製造業大規模使用熱泵系統，可大量減少能源的使用量，也進一步促進ESCO產業的發展。台灣熱泵設備系統的廠商在技術方面目前無明確的規範，必須建制一套供廠商認證的系統，也可規劃如熱泵系統工程師的相關證照，讓能源使用者分辨足以信賴的廠商。

關鍵字

熱泵 ； 空調系統 ； 節能設備 ； 熱泵設備應用

並列摘要

The heat pump is a well-proven technology capable of providing reliable and safe heating or cooling at economical cost. Heat pumps are highly cost-efficient and energy-saving equipments. The heat pump works in such a way that absorbs heat from an abundant source and distributes heat to the end users for space or water heating. Even on the coldest days, heat exhaust from industrial or commercial activity can be reused as heat source. Thus, heat pump is a clean and pollutant-free facility for cooling as well as heating, and the only need is the use of energy for heat transfer. There are five main categories of heat pump, including air to air, air to water, water to air, ground to air and ground to water.
Energy consumption of conventional air-conditioning is very high, especially in hot and humid areas. Many manufacturing plants and commercial premises consume lots of energy in manufacturing processes and indoor cooling. Heat exhaust can present in the form of high-temperature air stream from furnaces, manufacturing plant, extrusion machines, computer equipments and lighting. Heat pump can absorb the energy of heat exhaust and be reused for water heating or air condition and the application of heat pump is expected to reduce energy consumption.
For the beat of energy saving, heat pump system had better to be designed based on the demand of the users. The optimal heat pump system for energy user differs due to varying prices of energy, building, climate conditions and installation features, etc. In this work, case studies of current application of heat pump on manufacturing plants, commercial premises and school were introduced to illustrate information regarding application of heat pump system for energy user. Also, the status of current development of heat pump system was addressed and the feasibility of future application of heat pump system on air conditioning was evaluated.
Under the proper design and operation, the COP of heat pump system can reach 3 or more, and energy saving is about 60%. In Taiwan, the users of solar heater are only 6.41%. When government implements the subsidy policy for heat pump associated solar energy equipment, the effect of energy saving can be achieved through promoting the use of heat pump. Industrial sector is the biggest energy user in Taiwan; the government can provide the tools of tax deduction or pubic award to enhance the industrial plants’ willing of using heat pump systems and to reduce energy consumption in a great amount. Thus, ESCO industry can grow and strengthen. In Taiwan, there is no technical regulation of heat pump equipment. Establishment of authentication system and recognized marker or certificate for the contractors and engineers of heat pump installation is required for the wide use of heat pump system.

並列關鍵字

heat pump ； air-conditioning system ； energy saving equipment ； heat pump application

參考文獻

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