高精準型電壓輸出之CMOS溫度感測器

High Precision CMOS Temperature Sensors with Voltage Output

劉德璿(Te-Hsuan Liu)

指導教授 ： 林明權

共同指導教授 ： 王瑞祿(Ruey-Lue Wang)

崑山科技大學/工程學院/電子工程研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

溫度感測已逐漸成為生醫應用和電子產品的重要電路方塊，透過溫度感測可以提高生物分子檢測的精確度及電子電路性能的穩定度。在半導體製程技術日新月異的今日，溫度感測已可積體化於系統電路中。在論文第一部份將介紹電壓輸出的CMOS溫度感測器，該電路是以帶差參考電路原理為基礎，將其不隨溫度變化的穩定參考電流源提供給感測電路，本論文提出一種可切換的串接雙極性接面電晶體架構來當感測溫度元件。我們設計兩種型態來比較其各優缺點，分別為平均型、高線性型，並逐步設計成改良型，最後集結合所有修正線性、溫度誤差技術和感測器架構設計出高精準型CMOS溫度感測器，其整體20~100℃的溫度誤差為±0.3℃、線性誤差僅±0.031%。
第二部分是描述操作於次臨界傳導頻率輸出的低功率溫度感測器，該電路是由一個正比於絕對溫度的電流產生器和鎖相迴路所構成，最後將輸出正比於絕對溫度的時脈頻率，實測操作溫度範圍為10~80℃，其極低的消耗功率不到1uW、線性度誤差僅0.4%、溫度誤差僅±1.27℃。本篇論文所設計的溫度感測器是使用TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4M mixed-signal CMOS製程來實現。

關鍵字

帶差參考電路 ； 溫度感測器 ； 次臨界 ； 鎖相迴路 ； 壓控振盪器

並列摘要

Temperature sensors have gradually become the important building block of the circuits for biomedical applications and electronic products. The temperature sensing can enhance the precision of biological molecular detection and the stability of the performance of electronic circuits. Nowaday, because of the advanced development of semiconductor process technology, temperature sensors have successfully been integrated in circuits and systems. In the thesis, at first, a CMOS temperature sensor with voltatge output is presented. This circuit is based on a bandgap reference circuit. The stable current source, which current is nearly independent of temperature, is supplied to the sensor circuit. A switchable cascoded configuration of bipolar junction transistor is used as a temperature sensor. Two types, which are named average-type and high-linearity-type, were designed and their performances were compared. Based on these experiment results, an improved CMOS temperature sensor with high precision is also presented by using techniques for linearity correction and temperation error correction and design concept for sensor topology. The sensitivity is -4mV /℃, the linear error is only ± 0.031%, the temperature error is only ± 0.3℃ for the temperature range of 20~100℃.

The second part describes the low-power temperature-to-frequency converter, which consists of MOSFETs operating in subthreshold region. The circuit is composed of a current generator, which current is proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT), and a frequency-locked loop. The circuit generates a PTAT clock frequency. The power consumption is extremely low and is less than 1 uW, the linear error is only ± 0.4%, the temperature error is ±1.27℃ for the temperature range of 10 ~80℃. In this work, temperature sensors were implemented in TSMC 0.35μm 2P4M mixed-signal CMOS processes.

並列關鍵字

Bandgap ； Temperature Sensor ； Subthreshold ； PLL ； VCO

參考文獻

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