- 學位論文
鉛蓄電池製造工廠各製程作業區空氣中鉛濃度特徵之研究
Characteristics of lead in the air of manufacturing processes in a lead-acid battery manufacturing plant
摘要
本研究針對鉛蓄電池製造工廠中鑄造、充電、充填、化成、裁剪與組立等6個製程區域，以鉛蓄電池工廠作業勞工為研究對象，進行勞工周圍鉛粉塵粒徑特性、勞工手部鉛粉清洗殘留特性及勞工日常習慣調查，其方法為人體配戴採樣，勞工手中鉛採樣及健康問卷調查。 研究中發現在各區作業勞工人體配戴採樣結果中，以裁剪區鉛粉塵暴露粒徑特性MMAD為1.96-4.06μm最大，其次為充填區鉛粉塵暴露粒徑特性MMAD為0.38-3.83μm，而勞工手部鉛粉清洗殘留特性方面，以0.3%稀硝酸洗手去除鉛含量為7.67~70.5%，表示勞工在洗手後手上仍有些許鉛殘留。顯示其勞工應在作業時配戴安全防護用具或加強其通風，以防止勞工有健康危害之虞。健康問卷調查主要探討勞工生活之習慣，作業勞工主要以葷食佔90%、牛奶佔86%，其次為吃水果習慣佔54%，飲食的種類上蔬菜佔96%為多，其次為魚、肉類。其罹患疾病以皮膚相關疾病為最多人罹患，其次為心臟血管相關疾病、骨骼肌肉相關疾病。部份作業勞工平常有抽菸習慣或偏好某種食物而導致身體抵抗力變差，極可能導致疾病罹患率上升。
並列摘要
This research examined six areas regarding lead-acid battery manufacturing process: forging, charging, filling, formation, cutting, and assembling, regarding lead-acid batteries. With laborers who work on lead-acid batteries as subjects, lead dust MMAD in the workers’ environment and the MMAD of lead dust remnants on workers’ hands after washing were examined, and the workers’ daily life habits were observed. A sampling of the clothing and a sampling of the lead remnants on the workers’ hands as well as a health questionnaire were used as methods. In this research, it was discovered that the MMAD (mass median aerodynamic diameter) of dust exposure in the cutting area was 1.96-4.06μm, scoring the highest. Then, it was discovered the MMAD of the dust exposure in the filling area was 0.38-3.83μm, scoring the second. The MMAD of lead dust remnants on the workers’ hands after washing with 0.3% diluted nitric acid was 7.67-70.5%, indicating that remnants were still detected after hand-washing. This indicated that workers should wear safety masks or the factory should improve ventilation during the manufacturing process. Over 90% of the workers were meat eaters. About 86% of the workers drank milk. About 54% of them ate vegetables in their daily meals. Regarding the categories of food, over 96% of the dishes contained vegetables. Then, it was fish and meat. Regarding diseases they suffered from, skin disease ranked the highest. Then, it was cardiovascular disease, and bone and muscle troubles. Some of the workers might smoke or eat particular kinds of foods as a part of their daily routine that weakened their resistance against disease, resulting in the rate of sickness.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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