表面工程影響滾珠螺桿性能之研究

Effects of surface engineering on the performance of the ball screw

宋彥瑩(Yen-Ying Sung)

指導教授 ： 張育斌

共同指導教授 ： 周煥銘(Huann-Ming Chou)

崑山科技大學/工程學院/機械工程研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

高精密工業對於產品的品質、精密度以及使用壽命皆必須有相當的要求，在機械元件中致動器通常是耗損能量與影響精密度的主因。而目前滾珠螺桿及滾珠螺帽被大量運用於高精密工作母機的移動平臺致動器上，是高精密工業重要的關鍵組件。隨著高轉速滾珠螺桿及滾珠螺帽的需求大增，且轉速也隨之增加。在此操作條件下，單憑潤滑油膜是無法完全防止磨耗的產生，因此必須從高性能滾珠螺桿及滾珠螺帽之開發研究著手，推出更高精度及更高效能之產品已是不可避免的趨勢。
本研究團隊過去已成功使用蓄壓及噴射方式來進行滾珠螺桿及螺帽內螺旋表面拋光，但是本研究團隊也發現：(1)整體的加工成本：若能將拋光製程所需達到的加工量縮減，則可最有效的降低加工成本。(2)臨界的加工門檻：拋光前的平均表面粗糙度若大於0.35μm，則後續拋光的成效就較不明顯；而摩擦擠光一直被認為是相當具有發展潛力的快速改善表面粗糙度之加工法，且近幾年也被國內外學術界及產業界廣泛的研究與推廣。但目前摩擦擠光加工過程中，其實際微觀接觸界面的動態加工機制至今依然未明。因此，擬提出以摩擦擠光作為滾珠螺桿拋光的前置加工製程，並搭配各種微感測方法，動態研究摩擦擠光對滾珠螺桿表面粗糙度及磨潤特性的改善成效。
並且進一步針對新式噴射法拋光滾珠螺桿及滾珠螺帽內螺旋表面各實驗參數尋求最佳化參數組合。由於表面粗糙度對於實際滾珠、螺桿和螺帽的影響尚未明確，因此，藉由往復摩擦試驗機暨動態摩擦係數量測系統，動態量測不同表面粗糙度之標準滾珠螺桿試片於添加潤滑脂後摩擦界面間的磨潤性質，並同時量測表面形貌及以光學照片觀察微米級材料磨耗現象。追加以最佳化參數拋光後之螺帽於實際機台上量測拋光前、後的振動和扭矩…等差異，以釐清表面粗糙度對於實際滾珠、螺桿和螺帽的影響。

關鍵字

滾珠螺帽 ； 滾珠螺桿 ； 擠光 ； 表面粗糙度 ； 動態量測

並列摘要

The quality and the accuracy are very important for the high accurate mechanical engineering. The actuator always significantly influences the energy loss and the accuracy. Therefore, the ball screws and ball nuts play an important role when it was used in the actuator of the machine. Moreover, the high speed and high frequency ballscrews and nuts are attracted recently due to the manufacturing cost down. However, the oil film usually failed under this condition. Hence, it is very important for Taiwan to establish the key technology of low friction and wear resistant for the high frequency and high speed ball screws and ball nuts in the future.
Hydrodynamic polishing the inner surfaces of ball screws and ball nuts had been successfully investigated by the related authors. However, there were two major problems raised: (1) the cost: the key point is to decrease the surface roughness before the polishing process, (2) the critical conditions of the machines: the decreases of the surface roughness for the polishing process are larger when the initial surface roughness is smaller than 0.35μm. Based on the above statements, burnishing was considered to investigate in this study. As to burnishing is still unclear for the ball screws and ball nuts, it was investigated deeply by the method of dynamic monitoring in this study.
Besides, the best parameters for the novel method of using the injection for polishing the inner surfaces of ball screws and ball nuts were investigated further. To simplify the experiments, the reciprocating friction tester with the measuring systems was used in this study. The continuous variations of electrical contact resistance and friction coefficient were measured in the experiment. Moreover, scan electron microscopy was also used to observe the microstructures and of material transfer. All of the experimental results can be used to investigate the surface smoothness for the ball screws and the ball nuts during burnishing or injection polishing process in the future.

並列關鍵字

ball nuts ； ball screws ； burnishing ； surface roughness ； dynamic monitoring

參考文獻

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