公園之遮蔽程度及熱環境對民眾參與行為之影響

Effect of Shading Level and Thermal Environment on People’s Attendances and Behaviors in A Park

黃英哲(Ying-Che Huang)

指導教授 ： 林子平

國立虎尾科技大學/文理學院/休閒遊憩研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6827/NFU.2011.00035

摘要

過去戶外熱舒適與民眾參與率間的調查多集中在溫帶歐洲，研究結果皆顯示熱環境指標與參與人數會呈現正相關。其研究多針對單一廣場或公園進行參與人數調查，無任何研究試圖去了解是否會因為公園內不同的空間型態，進而造成微氣候與參與人數間關聯性的差異。因此本研究以熱濕氣候區的台灣為對象，選擇一個多功能使用的都市型公園，依其使用型態上的不同分為九區，進行物理環境因子量測、參與人數觀察及問卷調查，研究排除雨天、大型活動表演及節慶。研究結果發現中性溫度在涼季為25.9℃PET熱季為27.2℃PET，受訪者在不同的季節中對天氣期望會有所差異。擁有高度自主權者的受訪者熱感覺投票值(MTSV)為±1.5，無自主權者的受訪者熱感覺投票值(MTSV)為±2，無自主權者對於氣候的容忍度遠低於高度自主權者，這些結果皆應證了人的熱適應性。而且研究也發現公園內各區會依使用型態(遮蔽程度、區域活動型態)的不同，微氣候與人數參與間會呈現不同的關係模式，低遮蔽音樂廣場區及兒童遊戲場區呈現熱季PET越高參與人數越少，涼季PET越高參與人數越多。低遮蔽的中央運動廣場區，涼季PET與參與人數無相關，熱季則呈現PET越高參與人數越少。高遮蔽的樹蔭步道區和樹蔭區，熱季和涼季皆呈現PET越高參與人數越多。此外隨著PET的提升，陰影底下的人數比例會大幅提升。結果提供未來設計公園的一個參考，在一些溫度-人數相關性高的空間中，必須考慮到微氣候的問題，以利該空間能提高民眾的參與率及對熱環境的滿意度。

關鍵字

熱舒適 ； 民眾參與率 ； 微氣候 ； 熱適應 ； PET ； 遮蔽程度 ； 活動型態

並列摘要

Formerly, the investigation about outdoor thermal comfort and people’s attendances most concentrated in the temperate zone of Europe. All results hereof are shown weather index and people’s attendances will show a positive correlation. Those researches were most conducted against single square or park to carry out the people’s attendances investigation, but no research tried to realize whether it would further produce the relative difference of microclimate and people’s attendances because different spatial patterns in the park. Therefore, this study takes Taiwan in hot and wet climate area as subject, selecting a multi-function urban park which was divided into nine points, to carry out the measurement of physical environmental factors, observation of people’s attendances and questionnaires. The research was made excluding rain days, large-scale performing activities and festivals. The results of research are shown the neutral temperature is 25.9℃PET in cool season and 27.2℃PET in hot season. Respondents’expectations to climate are various in different seasons. Respondents with high autonomy have ±1.5 mean thermal sensation votes (MTSVs), and respondents without autonomy have ±2 MTSVs. Respondents without autonomy have much lower tolerance to climate than respondents with high autonomy. All of those results prove people’s thermal adaptation. In addition, it was found in the research that each point in the park, subject to different types of usage (shading level, types of regional activities), microclimate and people’s attendances will show different patterns of relationship; in low shading Outdoor Auditorium and Children Playground, it shows the higher PET temperature, the less people’s attendances in hot season, and the higher PET temperature, the more people’s attendances in cool season. As for the low shading Sport Central Square, there was no correlation between PET temperature and people’s attendances in cool season. In hot season, it shows the higher PET temperature, the less people’s attendances. In High shading Shade Trail and Shade Tree, it shows the higher PET temperature, the more people’s attendances in both hot and cool seasons. In addition, with raining PET temperature, people’s attendances under shade will increase largely. The results could provide a reference for future design of park. In some spaces of temperature-people’s attendances with high correlation, it must consider the problems of microclimate in order for the space to increase people’s attendances and satisfaction of thermal environment.

並列關鍵字

Thermal comfort ； People’s attendances ； Microclimate ； Thermal adaptation ； PET ； Shading level ； Types of activities

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