摘要
膠原蛋白是動物體內含量豐富的蛋白質，具獨特的三股螺旋結構，在生物體內有重要的結構性和機能性功能，是細胞外基質主要的結構性蛋白質，與先天性的骨骼、皮膚、肌肉等病症有關。自然老化及外在環境影響會使膠原蛋白變形和流失，進而產生皺紋、關節炎、骨質疏鬆等問題。膠原蛋白經由萃取純化後，仍可保有其重要的三股螺旋結構及生理活性，可被人體自然吸收，具有良好的生物相容性，已被廣泛應用在生物科技領域。含有膠原蛋白的動物包括海中無脊椎動物到高等的哺乳類動物，本文中將分析比較人工萃取膠原蛋白的原料來源的優缺點，包含牛、豬、雞、魚等脊椎動物及基因轉殖之膠原蛋白。膠原蛋白的萃取技術有熱處理法、化學藥劑酸鹼處理法、酵素水解法和微生物處理法，並用液相層析技術將之純化，可獲得具有生理活性的膠原蛋白，並加工成不同的產品形態，以應用在食品、工業、醫學、保健和美容方面。隨著技術的演進和成熟，學界及產業界越加重視膠原蛋白的應用性和經濟效益。
並列摘要
Collagen is abundant protein in animal body. It has unique triple-helix structure, and important structural and functional effects in the organisms. Collagen is the major structural protein of extracellular matrix, which is related to congenital diseases. Older adult with reduction of fibroblast and collagen damage by glycation, free radicals, endopeptidase and enzymic intermolecular cross-linking, will produce wrinkles, arthritis, osteoporosis and other issues. The purified collagen still remain the important triple-helix structure and biological activity. It can be absorbed by human body naturally, has good biodegradability and biocompatibility in the human body. This thesis will be analysis and comparison the sources of artificially extracted collagen, including bovine, pig, chicken and fish, with other sources such as microorganism containing recombinant collagen. There are three major extraction methods to obtain, including chemical, enzyamatic and microbiological treatments. The purified product obtained from extraction is applied to medicine, functional food and cosmetics. As technology evolves and matures, academia and the industry increasingly attach importance to the application and economic benefits of collagen.