零售業女性基層主管工作壓力與工作滿意度關係之研究

A study of relationship between female supervisor’s work stress and job satisfaction in the case of retail indust

賴琍翎(Li-Ling Lai)

指導教授 ： 賴福來

國立虎尾科技大學/管理學院/工業工程與管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

在知識經濟時代，產業結構面臨重大改變，勞動力已不是工作能力的主要指標，加上傳統產業的沒落、服務業的興起，隨著女性教育水準提升與經濟自主意識抬頭，國內女性勞動參與率逐步上升至2007年的49.44%，顯示女性在職場扮演重要的角色。但是，在傳統社會「男主外，女主內」的性別角色分工理念下，現代就業女性兼顧工作與家庭，為了證明自身的能力，推翻過去以男性為主軸的職場價值觀，特別是女性基層主管們所需付出能力與承受的壓力，如何尋求最佳的平衡，是值得重視的課題。
本研究以台灣北部地區零售業中227位女性基層主管為研究對象，探討其「工作壓力」與「工作滿意度」間的關係模式，並檢視「個人屬性」之影響效果。藉由描述性統計、交叉分析、單因子變異數分析、獨立樣本t檢定及皮爾森相關性分析等進行分析探討。研究發現：
1.適度的工作壓力能產生較高的工作績效與工作滿意度。
2.工作職場的壓力是可以運用員工協助方案加以有效預防。
3.女性基層主管的主要工作壓力來源為上司。
4.職場壓力容易造成消化系統不正常、失眠與事多煩心而無法專注的影響。
5.紓解壓力的方式主要為「充分休息與睡眠」。
6.A型人格特質者對於自我的工作自信、工作滿意度高過於B型人格特質者。
7.對於在職進修之意願，具高中職及專科教育程度者遠高於大學以上學歷者。

關鍵字

工作壓力 ； 工作滿意度 ； 零售業 ； 女性基層主管

並列摘要

In the era of knowledge economy, facing huge changes in industrial structure, workforce is not the key indicator of the ability to work, coupled with the decline of traditional industries, the rise of the service industry, the standard of female education and the awareness of economic autonomy rising, the rate of female labor participation was raised to 49.44 % in 2007, the results show that the female played an important role in the workplace. However, in traditional society, the concept of the notion that men are breadwinners and women are housekeepers. Recently, the female should take care of her job and family at the same time to prove the self-ability, and reject the valuable concept of workplace with male priority, especially, how to keep the balance between with the female supervisor’s capability and work-family pressures are worth to pay more attention issue.
In this study, the subjects were 227 female supervisors of the retail industry in northern Taiwan. To explore the relationship between the work stress and job satisfaction, and view the effect of personal attributes. With the methods of descriptive statistics analysis, cross-analysis, one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation analysis to explore the result.
Study found that:
1.Moderate levels of work stress can have a positive influence on work performance and job satisfaction.
2.Work stress can be well prevented with the proper use of employee assistance programs (EAPs).
3.Major source of work stress on female supervisors are directly to their boss.
4.Work stress could cause female supervisors digestive system diseases, sleepless, and inability to concentrate on work.
5.Take a rest and sleep are the best way to decrease work stress.
6.Type A behavior personality to the work of self-confidence and job satisfaction is higher than to Type B behavior personality.
7.The willingness of female supervisors in-service education, senior high school and Vocational high school educated are more motivation than another university or above.

並列關鍵字

work stress ； job satisfaction ； retail ； female supervisor

參考文獻

1. Grail Ratciffe (1997)，壓力滾蛋，希代書版股份有限公司，莊勝雄 譯，台北。

2. John Gray(2005)，男女大不同：職場輕鬆溝通─如何讓火星男人與金星女人融洽共事、互信互助，邱溫、許桂綿 譯，生命潛能出版社，台灣。

3. LloydL.Byars , Leslie W . Rue(2004)，人力資源管理，黃同圳 譯，美商麥格羅•希爾國際股份有限公司台灣分公司，台北。

4. 洪英正、錢玉芬(1997)，管理心理學，華泰書局，台北。

5. 洪明洲(1997)，管理-個案.理論.辯證，科技圖書股份有限公司，台北。