臺灣農村低碳社區發展策略之研究

城鄉的快速發展，低碳城市、低碳社區已成為最快速成長的趨勢與型態，地球暖化，導致氣候變遷、溫室效應所引發的一連串之環境衝擊，更加深社區在節能減碳上的必須性與推動發展，而近年來政府更提倡節能減碳，期望來改善地球暖化及溫室效應所帶來的生態環境與農業衝擊及公共衛生上之衝擊、並且透過完善的低碳概念來作為臺灣農村社區低碳評估發展策略之研擬，將此低碳評估策略的概念由城市深植入農村，以建構出低碳評估指標、作為臺灣農村低碳社區發展策略之建議，其本研究之主要目的為:建構臺灣農村社區低碳指標之架構，並評估各指標之相對重要性、另針對農村社區未來在節能減碳之低碳發展策略提出建議。本研究係透過層級序列分析法，經產、官、學三方專家全面性地檢視與探討，整合專家之一致性觀點，綜合整理研究結果指出層級一評估要素之權重依序為:「低碳生活」(0.185)、「節約能源」(0.182)、「環境綠化」(0.180)。層級二評估要素依序為:「低碳生活實踐」(0.648)、「農村綠建築」(0.606)、「社區運輸機制」(0.574)。而層級三評估要素、依序為:「喬木綠化」(0.747)、「太陽能系統」(0.675)及「推動廢棄物源頭減量」(0.673)。在優先相對權重方面層級一評估要素依序為:「節約能源」(0.2256) 、「環境綠化」(0.1767)及「低碳生活」(0.1610)。層級二評估要素依序為:「節約用水設施」(0.1033)、「低碳生活實踐」(0.0974)、「廢棄物回收」(0.0902)。此外，層級三評估要素依序為:「居家節電與節氣」(0.0723)、「戶外景觀綠化」(0.0705)及「推動廢棄物源頭減量」(0.0634)。就整體優先權重而言，專家最優先重視前5項要素準則依序為:「喬木綠化」(0.747)、「太陽能系統」(0.675)、「推動廢棄物源頭減量」(0.673) 、「社區低碳教育」(0.669) 、「自行車」（0.663）。藉由以上之層級分析提供臺灣農村低碳社區低碳指標之運用性參考。

關鍵字

低碳社區；評估指標；層級序列分析法

並列摘要

Due to the rapid development of urban and rural areas, the low carbon cities and the low carbon communities have become the fastest growing trends and types. Meanwhile, the Global Warming, which has led to a series of environmental impact, such as the climate change and the green house effect, has increased the necessity of and given the impetus to “Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction” in the community. In recent years, our government urges “Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction” and expects to reduce the impact on ecological environment, agriculture, and public hygiene, which are caused by the global warming and the green house effect, and also to investigate and plan the low-carbon assessment and development strategy in Taiwan's rural communities through the comprehensive low-carbon concept. Therefore, hope to implement this concept from urban areas to rural areas and to construct the low-carbon assessment indicator to be the suggestions of the development strategy for low-carbon community in Taiwan’s rural areas. The main purpose of this study is to construct the frame of low-carbon indicator in Taiwan’s rural areas and to evaluate the relative importance of each indicator. And, it also proposes the suggestions to low-carbon development strategy in the future based on “Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction” in Taiwan’s rural communities. This study is by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and through the overall review and discussion by Government-Industry-University experts. It consolidates the consistent opinions from the experts and organizes the study result, which indicates the assessment factors of hierarchy one are, by series, “low-carbon life”(0.185), “energy saving”(0.182), and “green environment”(0.180). The assessment factors of hierarchy two are, by series, “the implementation of low-carbon life”(0.648), “green constructions in rural areas”(0.606), and “transportation mechanism in community”(0.574). The assessment factors of hierarchy three are, by series, “tree green”(0.747), “solar energy system”(0.675), and “the impetus of waste origin reduction”(0.673). In priority relative weight, the assessment factors of hierarchy one are, by series, “energy saving”(0.2256), “green environment”(0.1767), and “low-carbon life”(0.1610). The assessment factors of hierarchy two are, by series, “the facilities for water saving”(0.1033), “the implementation of low-carbon life”(0.0974), and “waste recycling”(0.0902). In addition, the assessment factors of hierarchy three are, by series, “home electricity and air-conditioning saving”(0.0723), “outdoors green landscape”(0.0705), and “the impetus of waste origin reduction”(0.0634). In general priority weight, the first five priority factors’ criteria from experts are, by series,“ tree green”(0.747), “solar energy system”(0.675), “the impetus of waste origin reduction”(0.673), “low-carbon education in community”(0.669), and “bicycle”（0.663）. According to the above hierarchy analysis, it provides the reference to the use of low-carbon indicator in low-carbon community in Taiwan rural areas.