運用瞳位追蹤儀探討旅遊安全警告標誌之設計

Applying Eye-tracking System to Explore the Design of Safety Warning Signs

黃汶漩(Wen-Hsuan Huang)

指導教授 ： 顏宏旭

國立虎尾科技大學/文理學院/休閒遊憩研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本研究透過生理模式(瞳位追蹤儀)與心理模式(偏好與認知行為)的關係，建立旅遊安全警告標誌系統，探討人們對旅遊安全警告標誌的注意力與偏好之關聯性。對此本研究主要目的為運用比較判斷法(The Law of Comparative)探討安全警告標誌牌偏好、運用瞳位追蹤儀探討遊客對安全警告標誌牌的注意力。
本研究設計將分為二階段進行：第一階段採用比較判斷法(The Law of Comparative)分析出偏好的安全警告標誌牌，依禁止與警告兩種型態的標誌牌來探討其美觀性、顯眼性、整體適切性。12張不同形式的禁止標誌牌與警告標誌牌以兩兩相比進行比較，分別進行66組及28組的比較。以便利抽樣方式進行之，透過觀看兩兩相比的照片(停留時間為15秒)與問卷依LCJ法進行偏好之排序。即進行第二階段實驗對象共23位，透過第一階段之結果選出適切的標誌牌後，運用影像模擬照片以瞳位追蹤儀來進行實驗，以記錄受測者的眼動訊息，並輔以問卷調查其注意力行為，藉此判別人們對標誌牌之視覺行為。
本研究第一階段比較判斷法(The Law of Comparative)共獲得有效樣本數359份(有效問卷回收率82.1%)。結果顯示受測者認為趣味性的標誌牌為最美觀，其次為大型的直立式標誌牌，結果亦發現，受訪者認為旅遊環境中，較適合設置造型簡單、醒目的標誌牌。由此可見，多數的受訪者習慣觀看傳統式的禁止標誌牌。
第二階段瞳位追蹤儀實驗分析綜合結果得知：(一)警告標誌牌的偏好上，以趣味可愛造型的標誌牌最美觀及顯眼，且認為以直立式的形式顯現最為適切與有效傳遞訊息；禁止標誌牌的偏好上則以造型簡單、醒目顏色是最受人們所注視且認同的。(二)大多數的人有看見設置的標誌牌且願意遵守，亦認同參與遊憩活動意識到危險性是應有的常識。(三)多數人認為旅遊環境中有其設置安全警告標誌的必要性。(四)人們普遍仰賴有設置安全警告標誌的旅遊地，且發現經由標誌的提醒能提升人們的警覺性。(五)遊憩行為上對各項略有影響，其中以是否從事戶外遊憩活動、是否從事冒險性活動、是否外出觀光習慣、會注意標誌、標誌的完善性對標誌影響等五項較為顯著。

關鍵字

瞳位追蹤 ； 比較判斷法 ； 標誌

並列摘要

This study established the tourism security alarm sign system and discussed the relationship between the attentions and preferences toward the tourism security alarm signs of people, by the physiological mode (eye tracking) and psychological model (preferences and cognitive behaviors). It applied the law of comparative judgment to discuss the preferences of the tourism security alarm sign system and used an eye tracker to develop the attentions of the tourism security alarm signs.
There are two stages in this study: it applied the law of comparative judgment (LCJ) to analysis the beauty, the conspicuousness and the appropriateness of preferred alarm signs of the stop and warning signs in the first stage. We arranged 12 different warning signs and stop signs in 66 groups and 28 groups by paired comparisons. Convenience sampling method was applied to select the surveyed students. We made them stare into the paired photos (in 15 seconds) and finish the survey to arrange the rank of preferences by the law of comparative judgment. The second stage, we selected 23 persons as the experiment subjects. We screened the suitable signs by the study of the first stage and recorded the eye tracking information of subjects by an eye tracker. We also performed a survey to figure out the visual behavior of signs by understanding their attention behaviors.
We collected 359 valid samples in the first stage (the effective response rate was 82.1%). The result revealed interesting signs are the most beautiful, and the second one are the standing signs for participants. The participants also identified the conspicuous and simple-designing signs are more suitable in tourism attractions. According to above, we could know that most familiar style for participants is the traditional stop sign.
We collected the following results from the second stage by eye tracking analysis: (1) In warning signs, the interesting and cute signs are preferred as the most beautiful and conspicuous signs, and the standing form is preferred as the most suitable form to communicate the messages; in stop signs, the simple-designing and bright color signs are the most conspicuous and most supported signs by general people. (2) Most people who have seen the signs are willing to obey the restrictions. And people also identify with that everyone should aware the potential risks in their tourisms. It should be a common sense. (3) Most people support that there is essential to set alarm signs. (4) People usually depend on the alarm signs in tourism attractions, and the signs could arouse people's alertness. (5) Recreational behaviors effect some specific topics, especially in these five options: doing outdoor recreational behaviors or not, doing adventure activities or not, having a habit of tourism or not, notifying the warning or stop signs and the effect of sign's integrity toward stop signs.

並列關鍵字

Eye Tracking ； The Law of Comparative Judgment ； Sign

參考文獻

陳明陽，(2010)，美感生活型態對產品偏好的影響，碩士論文，國立交通大學應用藝術研究所，新竹。

羅仁鴻，(2009) ，以紅外線眼球追蹤系統改良情境引導式的數位教學系統，碩士論文，崑山科技大學電子工程研究所，台南。

徐琬茹，(2010)，網路靜態、動態與影音媒體對使用者視覺行為之影響，碩士論文，清華大學工業工程與工程管理學系，新竹。

李佳容，(2010)，溪頭自然教育園區解說牌服務成效評估之研究，碩士論文，國立臺灣大學森林環境暨資源學研究所，台北。

陳瀚凱、管倖生，(2006)，從注意力觀點探討影響視覺傳達設計之機能性因素，設計研究，6，200-209。