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  • 學位論文

端銑刀之模組式檢測系統開發

Development of Modularized Inspection System for End Mills

指導教授 : 李炳寅
共同指導教授 : 陳進益(Jenn-Yih Chen)
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摘要


機器視覺廣泛應用於各種檢測,其中以瑕疵檢測、尺寸量測及動態攝影等為主,因為其檢測方式不會破壞待測物的特性,在機械業、零件加工及科技業等產業正廣泛使用;而本論文是將機器視覺應用於刀具尺寸檢測上,因刀具的尺寸精度將影響加工物件品質,若能快速且有效地量測出刀具的幾何尺寸,將可大幅提升刀具品質及壽命。   本論文主旨在於使用Borland C++ Builder研發一套刀具影像檢測系統,搭配控制器擷取機械座標系統,並且實行量測自動化、對焦自動化等人性化功能;光源部分使用同軸光源與自行設計蜂巢式環形分區光源,並搭配控制器PLC控制環形光源的打光區塊,以解決採光不足的問題;利用CCD焦距特性與對焦原理並使用Sobel運算子來計算梯度值擷取機台的第三維座標,並將數據代入Borland C++ Builder所自行撰寫的最小平方法擬合出曲線方程式,解決二維座標無法量取切削角和離隙角的問題,並讓精準度能夠更加提升;人機介面以教導式圖片視窗介面提示使用者操作流程步驟,系統可量測主要之泛用刀具,如平銑刀、圓鼻刀、球刀、鉸刀、鑽頭等幾何尺寸,量測功能可量測刀具外徑、R角半徑、螺旋角、切削角、離隙角、刃寬與端面凹角等。由實際結果顯示距離量測的標準差在0.0289內,而角度量測的標準差在0.555內,故本檢測系統的精度在合理範圍並可應用於檢測不同的刀具幾何。

並列摘要


Machine vision is a universal technology which be chiefly used in flaw detection, dimension measurement, and dynamic photography. Nowadays, such as machinery, manufacturing processes, and technology industry have adopted this technique for some applications. The accuracy of tool dimension mainly influences the quality of cutting tools and workpieces. If there is a tool inspection and measurement system to measure the tool geometry effectively, we can adjust the tool grinding processes to improve the tool life and the quality of cutting tools.   This dissertation is to develop a modularized tool image inspection and measurement system by Borland C++ Builder. We used the controller to obtain machine coordinates and implemented the humanized functions of autofocus and automatic measurements. The co-axis light source and an LED ring light with different angles were applied to solve the problem of insufficient lighting. The focusing characteristics of CCD, focus principles, and Sobel operator were utilized for calculating the gradient value to get the third dimensional coordinates. Then, the coordinate data were used to obtain the fitting curve by the least squares method. The human machine interface has a tutoring manner for users to operate the measuring procedures. The proposed system can measure geometric profiles of general cutting tools which are square end mill, radius end mill, ball nose end mill, reamers, and drills. Furthermore, the measurement functions can measure the geometric dimension like the diameter, radius, helix angle, rake angle, relief angle, land width, and dish angle. Experimental results show that the standard deviations are 0.0289 and 0.555 for the distance and angle measurements, respectively. Therefore, the accuracy is reasonable for the proposed system which can be applied to measure the geometry of different cutting tools.

參考文獻


[3]林祺勛,2011,“五軸工具磨床線上刀具幾何影像檢測系統開發”,國立虎尾科技大學,創意工程與精密科技研究所,碩士論文。
[1]謝宏坤,2009,“四軸CNC刀具外型量測機台開發”,國立虎尾科技大學,創意工程與精密科技研究所,碩士論文。
[7]陳照凱,2009,“簡易型刀具幾何檢測機台開發”,國立虎尾科技大學,機械與機電工程研究所,碩士論文。
[2]謝其甫,2010,“五軸工具磨床刀具研磨影像檢測系統開發”,國立虎尾科技大學,創意工程與精密科技研究所,碩士論文。
[9]陳麒翔,2008,“人性化端銑刀與鑽頭研磨資料庫系統開發”,國立虎尾科技大學,機械與機電工程研究所,碩士論文。

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