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  • 學位論文

利用TOPEX/Poseidon及Jason-2測高衛星監測冰層及湖水位變化:以唐古拉山及赤布張錯為例

TOPEX and Jason-2 observations of height change over Mt. Tanggula and Lake Chibuzhang, Tibet

指導教授 : 黃金維

摘要


本研究使用T/P及Jason-2測高衛星,研究區域唐古拉山為長江發源地,另赤布張錯位於唐古拉山西邊且為其融化雪水流入的湖泊之一,此二區域恰好皆有TOPEX/Poseidon及Jason-2測高衛星軌道(pass155、pass242)經過,此次研究利用二衛星的觀測資料驗證唐古拉山冰層變化與赤布張錯湖水位變化的關聯性,並進一步印證全球暖化及聖嬰現象等地球物理現象。因唐古拉山表面為冰層,故採用門檻值演算法做波形重定,且因此區較崎嶇,故亦嘗試以坡度改正公式做修正,但改正結果不甚理想,地形梯度改正也嘗試利用測高資料擬和而成的表面做為模型修正之。 此次研究結果顯示,在1993~2001年間,唐古拉山冰層高度平均下降速率約為11.59 m/year;赤布張錯在1993~2001年間,平均上升速率為0.112 m/year,2008~2010年間,平均上升速率為0.47 m/year。推測與全球暖化有關,且兩區域的趨勢變化具有因果關係。另兩測區的跨年變化在1998年有一個極大反轉,唐古拉山冰層變化在1992~1998年,上升速率為5.77 m/year,但1998~2002年,下降速率:21.81 m/year,而赤布張錯的湖水位變化也因此受到影響,在1992~1998年,上升速率:0.33 m/year,1998~2002年,轉為下降,平均速率為0.02 m/year。此變化趨勢亦與傳統監測資料顯示之唐古拉山冬克瑪底冰川末端變化的趨勢符合,推測此現象與聖嬰現象有關。

並列摘要


Mt. Tanggula is the origin of Yangtze River, the longest river in China. Lake Chibuzhang is situated 76 km west of Mt. Tanggula with water filled by the melting snow of the latter. Passes 155 and 242 of TOPEX (also Jason-2) travel through the southeastern part of Mt. Tanggula, and the central part of Lake Chibuzhang, respectively. Some sub-satellite points of pass 155 are over a flat ice sheet of Mt. Tanggula, where waveforms are less contaminated compared to nearby ones. This is also true of Lake Chibuzhang for pass 242, despite its small area. We retrack waveforms over such points to yield 10-day time series of height changes. The rates of height change over the ice sheet of Mt. Tanggula during the periods of 1993-1998 and 1998-2001 are 5.77 and -21.81 m/year, respectively, with an average rate of -11.59 in 1993-2001. The rates of lake level change of Chibuzhang are 0.33 and -0.02 m/year during 1993-1998 and 1998-2001, with an average rate of 0.11 m/year in 1993-2001. The changes of both ice sheet height and lake level reverse the trends in 1997-1998 over a large El Nino. Jason-2 cannot produce ice sheet change but yield a rate of 0.47 m/year over 2008-2009 over Lake Chibuzhang. The heights of the ice sheet and lake level are both affected by climate change.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


黃紀云(2015)。以20年衛星測高資料研究青藏地區湖水位變化〔碩士論文,國立交通大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6842%2fNCTU.2015.00704
黃勇叡(2017)。利用Cryosat-2監測青藏地區湖水位變化:以重複軌道測高衛星及衛星影像驗證〔碩士論文,國立交通大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0030-2212201712273274

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