空氣品質指標比較分析

Comparative Analyses for Air Quality Indexes

冉隆恩(Long-En Jan)

指導教授 ： 高正忠

國立交通大學/工學院/環境工程系所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6842/NCTU.2015.00497

摘要

由於國內所採用多年的PSI空氣污染指標已老舊，且被質疑無法反應空氣污染警示狀況，環保署雖已提供英國DAQI指標的PM2.5預警濃度分級，但兩者併行下不易提供明確的空氣品質訊息，本研究因而比較我國PSI與國外指標系統，探討彼此之差異性及指標應用於我國之適用情形。
本研究以環保署所提供100-102年間測站監測資料，首先進行測站篩選，由七大空品區共挑選出29個測站，接著以挑選出之測站且排除境外沙塵影響部分作後續之分析。由於AQI指標系統在PM2.5副指標值為100時濃度與我國法規值濃度相近，且AQI與PSI其餘污染項目嚴格程度差異不大，故本研究認為採用AQI能改善PSI未考量PM2.5的問題，AQI可列入候選的建議指標；而英國DAQI的PM2.5雖為目前暫行採用之指標，但在PM10與O3項目訂定上則依照WHO AQGs，皆較嚴格，我國現階段較難達成，故暫不建議採用。
本研究提出TAQI-S與TAQI-B兩個建議指標，類型分別為最大副指標類及分級類，在不良以上的濃度TAQI-S=100及TAQI-B=3皆是以我國短時段的法規值所制定；唯NO2部分採用WHO之AQG來定義；TAQI-S是沿用過去之副指標方式訂定，而TAQI-B則是類似DAQI用分級較細之方式，因監測資料已很少超過TAQI-S=150，故以相對應的濃度值為TAQI-B 最差一級的上限值。依與AQI之比較分析結果，二個都應該適用，故將三者皆列為適用於國內可考量採用之指標。

關鍵字

空氣品質指標 ； 比較分析 ； 永續環境系統分析

並列摘要

The current air quality index, PSI, is frequently questioned for its effectiveness in providing air quality warnings. Although our EPA adopt the PM2.5 sub-index of UK DAQI, both PSI and DAQI-PM2.5 do not give consistent warnings and may confuse the general public. Therefore, this study was initiated to compare PSI and various foreign indexes and evaluate their differences and applicability for replacing PSI.
Monitoring data for 2011-2013 were collected. Twenty-nine stations from seven airsheds were selected for the following analyses. Data monitored during the periods with significant foreign dust or sandstorm attacks were excluded. Since the concentration level of the USA AQI PM2.5 at the sub-index value equal to 100 is quite close to our air quality standard, its PM2.5 sub-index is thus applicable for us to use. The remaining sub-indexes of AQI are similar to those of PSI, and thus AQI can be a good candidate for replacing our PSI. Although the PM2.5 sub-index of DAQI is our current interim index, its PM10 and O3 sub-indexes are determined according to WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs), that are quite stringent and are currently difficult to achieve. The DAQI is thus not currently recommended.
Two indexes, TAQI-S and TAQI-B, were proposed. The concentration levels of TAQI-S=100 and TAQI-B=3 are determined by our short-term air quality standards, with the only exception for NO2 that is based on the WHO AQG. The TAQI-S system is similar to PSI and AQI. Although TAQI-B has the same six sub-indexes as for TAQI-S, it is a ranking system that is similar to DAQI. Since the index values of TAQI-S rarely exceed 150, and thus the upper ceiling concentration level of the highest rank of each TAQI-B sub-index is thus determined by that for TAQI-S=150. According to the comparative analysis with AQI, both proposed indexes are also acceptable. Therefore, the three indexes are all recommended as proper candidates for replacing PSI.

並列關鍵字

air quality index ； comparative analyses ； sustainable environmental systems analysis

參考文獻

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Air Quality Ontario. (2014).”How is the AQI calculated?”

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