無法量測的距離 —以建築現象學探討空間深度

建築空間的完整始於使用者的駐入。若以梅洛龐帝的現象學觀點來看，人類身體與建築之間存在著一個連接兩者關係的「能力」，主客體兩者共構才有「空間」的存在。儘管這樣抽象的概念與一般所理解的建築有所不同，本文乃嘗試以理性的角度出發，從剖析人體「感知」空間的最主要機制—即人類演化過程中雙眼觀看空間客體與大腦相互運作的過程，了解到視覺何以成為我們感知空間最主要的依據，並與真實經驗「空間迷向」的案例來作討論。在設計上首先藉由透視與反透視的案例來回應梅氏論點中的「深度」空間的落實。並在西方傳統定時定點的透視法則外，以中國園林歷時性的觀點來看空間的組構。然而當辨識空間深度的構成要素消失時，視覺對空間的掌握開始失落，它不再成為感知空間的主導能力；因此本文後半段將著墨於動線的區隔與空間深度的消彌，來探討視覺與身體兩者關係抽離後的張力。最後再根據身體其他的感官( 聽覺、觸覺) 探討可作為連結空間的潛力。全文企圖以這樣的脈絡梳理出個人對於建築空間的思考方式以及設計發展過程，並把抽象的空間感知經驗歸納並圖像化，以此探索空間中主客體之間所存在無法量測的距離。

關鍵字

深度；感官；透視法；空間經驗；動線；儀式性

並列摘要

The architectural space will be completed only when the users are involved in it. From the theory of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, there exists an ability between the human body and architecture, which connects the "space" when the subject(human) and the Object(architecture) are coexisting. Although this abstract concept is quite different from the usual perspective, in this thesis I still try to analyse the main mechanism of the human perception of space in the rational aspect - namely the evolution of the process between the human eyes and the brain when seeing. That's why the visual sense becomes the main ability in spatial perception. Meanwhile to discuss it with the real-life experience "Spatial Disorientation". In designing process by using the perspective and anti-perspective to respond the "Spatial Depth" from the Merleau-Ponty's theory. Besides, by taking the diachronic viewpoint from Chinese garden to analyse the space structure, in order to replace the western traditional perspective( at a fixed time and location). However, when the constituent elements of spatial depth were disappeared, the visual sense begins to lose-control of the space. It's not the dominant perception of space anymore. Therefore, to discuss the tension detaching from a relationship between the human body and the visual sense, the second half of this thesis will focus on the segment of circulation and the elimination of the depth. And in the end, trying to explore the potential connection in the space which based on the other senses (hearing, touch) . The study processes are organizing the context of personal thinking of architectural space and the development of design methods. In addition, to visualize the abstract spatial perception into graphic. The goal of all is to explore the unmeasurable distance between the the subject(human) and the Object(architecture) in the space.