污泥灰渣全資源化水泥砂漿之研究

Study of Cement Mortar Totally Composed by Recycled Materials Derived from Sludge and Ash

吳岳澤(Yue-Ze Wu)

指導教授 ： 曾迪華

國立中央大學/工學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

污泥灰渣做為卜作嵐材料或骨材應用於水泥砂漿，不但解決廢棄物處理問題，也能減少水泥天然原料和砂石等資源的消耗。為進一步提升污泥灰渣使用量，本研究以全資源化為目標進行研究，並且希望藉由多重取代型式，配合使用目前已資源化之爐石和飛灰等卜作嵐反應性佳的材料，使原本單一取代時並不理想的污泥灰渣材料，如下水污泥灰渣，能有更佳的工程性質，增加污泥灰渣資源化的出路。
本研究使用下水污泥灰渣、燃煤飛灰、水淬爐石粉做為卜作嵐材料取代水泥以及利用垃圾焚化底渣取代骨材，擬以雙材料取代水泥、三材料取代水泥和再生材料同時取代水泥和骨材之形式進行試驗。
研究結果顯示，爐石由於具有高卜作嵐活性和較高含量之(CaO+MgO)，可提升其他低卜作嵐活性之混合卜作嵐材料(如飛灰和下水污泥灰渣)的卜作嵐反應，因此雙取代和三取代，可較過去研究之下水污泥灰渣或飛灰單一取代時，有較佳之工程性能。當水泥取代量50 %時，28天抗壓強度可達一般水泥砂漿控制組之88.9~93.1 %，而應用添加氯化鈣和添加石灰於下水污泥混燒之改良方法，可改良凝結時間過長之限制因子，進一步提升水泥取代率為70 %，仍具有一定之工程性能，28天抗壓強度皆符合結構混凝土之強度範圍。在耐久性部分，除控制組之配比，由於卜作嵐有效的消耗氫氧化鈣，且產生的C-S-H膠體可使結構更緻密，因此可有效抵抗硫酸鹽侵蝕，經120天抗壓強度仍持續增長。

關鍵字

下水污泥灰渣 ； 燃煤飛灰 ； 水淬爐石粉 ； 垃圾焚化底渣 ； 卜作嵐活性 ； 抗壓強度

並列摘要

Sludge and ash recycled as pozzolanic material and fine aggregate applying to cement mortar would not only solve treatment problem of waste, but also reduce the consumption of sandstone and natural materials which used in cement manufacturing. To increase the amounts of using sludge and ash, the objective of this study was to make cement and aggregate in mortar totally be composed by these recycled materials. This study expected to improve the poor engineering properties of using single recycled material (e.g. sewage sludge ash) as cement by additionally adding high pozzolanic activity of slag and/or fly ash simultaneously in multiple cement-replaced formed. Therefore, the potential of using recycled sludge and ash could be enhanced.
This study used sewage sludge ash(SSA), coal fly ash(FA), granulated blast furnace slag(S) as pozzolanic material and municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash(BA) as fine aggregate in cement mortar. In one hand, the cement in cement mortar was replaced by two types. In dual-replaced type, cement was replaced by SSA and S or FA. In triple-replaced type, SSA,FA, and S were all used to replace cement. On the other hand , in addition to cement, fine aggregate in mortar were also replaced by BA.
According to the experimental results, slag which have high pozzolanic activity and high content of CaO and MgO can increase pozzolanic activity in mortar, even other recycled materials with low pozzolanic activity such as FA and SSA were used. Therefore, dual or triple-replaced type for cement in mortar have better engineering properties than single-replaced one indicated by previously researches which only used FA or SSA for cement replacement. When the cement replacement rate of SSA with FA and/or S reached 50%, the percentage of compressive strength in mortar at the age of 28 days reached to 88.9~93.1% compared to controlled mortar. The modifications by adding calcium chloride and lime mixed with SSA could improve the limiting factor of longer setting time. Further more, the modifications had potential to increase cement replacement rate to 70%, and owned good engineering property of compressive strength at the age of 28 days, (i.e. meeting the standard of structural concrete). In durability tests, expect for the mixes of control mortar, because the consumption of calcium hydroxide by pozzolanic reaction and the filling porosity by C-S-H gel, the mortar structure was more dense and sulfate attack could be avoided. The compressive strength was thus increased with age during 120 days.

並列關鍵字

municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash ； granulated blast furnace slag ； coal fly ash ； sewage sludge ash ； compressive strength ； pozzolanic activity

參考文獻

76.黃奕叡，「廢棄物焚化灰渣熱熔之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學環境工學系 (2002)。

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