煤礦產業與地方社會--以台北土城地區為例(1897~1989)

Tucheng''s coal mining development and society(1897~1989)

周耀裕(Yao-Yu Chou)

指導教授 ： 吳學明

國立中央大學/文學院/歷史研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2007年)

摘要

夲研究探討的主題是台灣煤礦發展在日治與戰後，受到人文的政策變遷與自然的煤層地質影響，出現了什麼樣的轉變，而這些轉變存在著什麼樣的歷史意義。在探討的過程中，本文以土城地區作為研究的個案，藉由區域個案的研究，來探討政策、煤層地質的變遷，對台灣煤礦發展所帶來的衝擊。
在論文內容簡介方面，除了前言與結論之外，本文共分為四章。第一章探究煤礦開採的自然因素與人為因素，主要說明臺灣煤層錯綜複雜之特殊地層是如何影響到土城煤礦的發展，也談到日治與戰後煤礦政策與相關機關團體的變遷。第二章探討土城煤礦業崛起的背景與原因，以臺灣煤礦發展作為背景，研究土城煤礦在日治時期的發展。第三章討論戰後土城煤礦發展，主要說明在戰後土城煤礦是如何復甦，且逐漸成為重要煤礦產區之一。第四章主要探討土城煤礦開採對於土城地方社會的影響，包含人口結構、礦業主的特徵與民間信仰的轉變。
透過史料的處理與與分析之後，整理出四個結果：一為臺灣煤層面積小且不連續的特殊性，形成臺灣煤礦發展區域的差異性，也造就土城煤礦發展的獨特性。二為在日治時期土城煤礦受到政策影響，成為日本個人移民投資煤礦業的新天地，不過卻帶來小礦林立較其他地區嚴重的局面，然而土城南區之山本炭礦在此契機下，逐漸成為土城第一大礦，形成土城南北煤礦發展的差異。三為戰後初期由於日產接收政策，土城煤礦有一半以上成為官營煤礦，直到「臺灣工礦農林公司移轉民營辦法」實施之後，土城煤礦才轉由民間經營，而土城的海山煤礦在此契機下，逐漸成為全台第二大礦。四為人口結構影響主要集中在山區煤礦開採區域，尤其是戰後阿美族成為煤礦礦工的主力，形成阿美族聚落。在礦業主方面，無論是日治或戰後，土城煤礦礦主大多是來自其他地區，對於土城地方影響有限。在民間信仰方面，礦工的土地公信仰主要在祈求能夠採礦平安，另外災變罹難之礦工亦成為退休礦工祭祀的對象。

關鍵字

煤礦 ； 地方社會 ； 山本炭礦 ； 海山煤礦 ； 土城

並列摘要

This study attempts to discuss, under changed policies and different coal-bed geologies, the
historical significance of the transformation of Taiwan’s coal mining development during the
Japanese occupation and after World War II. During the course of the discussion, this study takes
Tucheng, Taipei County, as an example, through which the impacts brought about by policies and
coal-bed geologies on Taiwan’s coal mining development are explored.
With respect to its structure, apart from the introduction and conclusions, this study can be
divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses natural and human influences in coal
mining. It mainly describes how the complicated, special strata of Taiwan’s coal beds affected
Tucheng’s coal mining development. It also notes changes in coal-mining policy and relevant
institutions and groups during the Japanese occupation and after WWII. Chapter II discusses the
background and causes of the rise of Tucheng’s rise coal-mining industry. Against the background
of Taiwan’s coal-mining development, it seeks to understand how Tucheng’s coal mining industry
developed during the Japanese occupation. Chapter III principally describes how Tucheng’s coal
mining industry recovered after the war and gradually became one of the island’s most important
coal-producing regions. The last chapter mainly discusses how exploitation of coal mines affected
Tucheng’s society, including its population structure, the characteristics of the coal mine owners,
and the conversion of folk beliefs.
After an analysis of historical materials, this study arrived at four key points. First,
characterized by being small and discrete, Taiwan’s coal beds gave rise to differences in coal
mining areas, hence Tucheng’s unique coal-mining development. Second, Tucheng’s coal mining,
due to changes in policy during the Japanese occupation, became a favorite choice for emigration
and investment for individual Japanese persons, although this also led to a plethora of small coal
mines as opposed to other areas. As a result of this, however, the Yamamoto Coal Mine, located
in southern Tucheng, gradually became Tucheng’s biggest mine, making the gap in development
between the north and the south ever wider. Third, shortly after the war, due to a takeover policy,
a majority of coal mines in the area became state-owned. Not until after the implementation of the
“Industry, Mining, Agriculture And Forestry Privatization Measure” did Tucheng’s coal mines
become privately-owned. Later, the Haishan Coal Mine became the second-biggest mine in
Taiwan. Finally, the effect of population structure was more appreciable in mountainous areas
where coal was exploited. In particular, after the war the Amis tribe became the main source of
manpower for coal mining, and a number of Amis communities formed. With regard to mine
owners, both during the Japanese occupation and after the war, most of them came from other
areas, so their influence on the local society was limited. As for folk beliefs, coal miners revered
the Earth God, principally out of concern for mining safety. Besides this, miners who had died in
mining disasters were also revered by retired workers.

並列關鍵字

coal ； Tucheng ； Haishan Coal ； society

參考文獻

黃富三，＜清代台灣移民的耕地取得的問題及其對土著的影響＞，頁72~89。

林呈蓉，〈近代初期日本政府的移植民論與移民活動〉《臺灣大學文史哲學報》，第47期（臺灣大學，1997），頁259～287。

臺北縣政府民政局原住民人數統計（1993）。

中華民國礦業協進會，《臺煤特刊》（臺北：中華民國礦業協進會，1998）。

蔡淵洯，＜合股經營與清代的臺灣開發＞，《師範大學歷史學報》，第13期，頁275~299。