具定位功能之衝擊性噪音暴露評估系統之研發

The Development of a Impulsive Noise Exposure Assessment System

許定華(Ting-hua Hsu)

指導教授 ： 王鵬堯

國立中央大學/工學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

衝擊性噪音具有音量大且持續時間短的特性，其對聽力的傷害不亞於穩定性及變動性噪音。傳統的衝擊性噪音監測是以具有峰值音壓量測功能的噪音計或噪音劑量計來進行，但受限於量測儀器的價格及體積，極少用於個人暴露評估。本研究希望研發一套可由勞工攜帶且價格合理的衝擊性噪音監測定位系統(INMS)，同時完成暴露位置、暴露時間及暴露量的監測。希望能對勞工作業環境的噪音改善提供最詳盡的資訊。
INMS是使用具有峰值音壓偵測功能的商用噪音計(TES-1350A)為基礎，由微控制器(nRF24E1)於設定時間(1秒)內，讀取噪音計之最大峰值音量輸出訊號。經過計算整理後由無線的方式將區域編號、儀器編號及噪音監測資料傳遞至定點通訊基地台。監控系統經由網路蒐集通訊封包內容後即可以獲得勞工目前的所在位置、停留時間及暴露量等相關資料。經由程式解析後，便可即時顯示勞工之暴露位置、暴露時間、暴露次數及峰值音壓等重要參數。
定位能力測試結果顯示，本系統可進行通訊的範圍最遠可達45 m，時間解析度在5秒時其定位正確率為95.84 ％。定點進行衝擊性噪音模擬時，本系統偵測衝擊性噪音出現的次數的正確率可以達到 98.9 ％，峰值音壓的平均誤差值為0.9 dB。個人衝擊性噪音偵測器(Personal Impulse Noise Monitor，PINM)的重量為80 g，大小為90 mm × 40 mm × 25 mm，使用3 V電池供電可連續使用124小時，這些結果顯示INMS具有足夠的能力可以在實際的作業場所進行衝擊性的噪音暴露評估研究。

關鍵字

衝擊性噪音 ； 個人暴露評估 ； 峰值音壓

並列摘要

Impulsive noise has high peak of short duration or a sequence of such peaks. Expose to impulsive noise for a long time may result in severe hearing loss. Conventional dosimeters or sound level meters used in personal exposure studies are often expensive. Because of that, only very limited number of workers can be tested when the budgets of research project are limited as well. The purpose of this study is to develop an Impulse Noise Monitoring system (INMS) that can be easily carried by workers at reasonable prices. The INMS can measure worker’s positions, exposure time, and exposure dose levels at the same time. The system provides detail information of exposure, and the manager can use this information to develop meaningful noise protection program in workplaces.
The INMS is constructed with a Sound Level Meter (TES-1350A) that detects peak sound levels and holds the peak before reset, a microcontroller and radio transmitter (nRF24E1) that reads the peak level every minute and transmits data (including peak level, machine ID) to the local receiver which relay these data along with it’s only position ID to the system server by internet. The server analyzes the data packet to determine the position of the worker and the noise level of the worker expose to.
The results of laboratory tests showed that the communication range of the INMS was around 45 meters. The accuracy of detecting worker’s positions was 95.84% when uses 5 seconds as a time resolution in determine the exact position of a transmitter reported. Furthermore, the accuracy of detecting frequency of impulsive noise was 98.9%. The average difference of measured sound levels between reference instrument (System 824) and the INMS was 0.86dB. The weight of the Personal Impulse Noise Monitor is about 80g, size is about 90mm×40mm×25mm, and can be operated for up to 124 hours continuously. The result showed that the INMS has sufficient ability to perform desired functions in impulsive noise exposure assessment in workplaces.

並列關鍵字

peak sound level ； personal exposure assessment ； Impulsive noise

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