博物館展示與客家記憶

Museum Exhibition and the Memory of Hakka

吳詩怡(Shih-yi Wu)

指導教授 ： 張翰璧

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家社會文化研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

多元文化主義的觀念帶動族群或社群建立擁有自己特色的博物館，以客家為例，在台灣，各個區域興建許多客家文物館來保存與傳承客家文化。然而，這些不同區域的客家文物館展演出的客家記憶是什麼呢？如何建構展演的客家記憶之內容？以及是透過什麼樣的溝通與討論才形成觀眾看到的客家記憶之展示？
本研究為了瞭解各地客家文物館的狀況，先普查各地的客家文物館，然後從中挑出台北縣客家文化園區與高雄縣美濃客家文物館進行個案分析。研究發現歸納為以下幾點：首先，展示內容以書寫論述為依據，其提供記憶框架與記憶點，但是同時會受到經營理念、社區居民、族群、政治與經濟等的影響，策展人（公部門、學者專家、設計團隊，與製作團隊）有權力對記憶框架與記憶點作調整或維持。其次，客家文物館展演客家記憶的方式以物為主，缺乏以人為主的展演方式。在時間面向也以展演客家的過去為多，少部份有帶入現在的觀點。最後，客家文物館與社區結合的不多，然而，若與社區維持良好關係的客家文物館通常運作良好，不會呈現蚊子館的狀態。

關鍵字

博物館 ； 客家文物館 ； 客家記憶 ； 記憶框架 ； 記憶點

並列摘要

The idea of multiculturalism impetus ethnic groups or communities to establish has themselves characteristic museums. Taking the Hakka as the example, in Taiwan, each region constructs many Hakka museums to preserve and to inherit the Hakka culture. However, what are these Hakka museums in different regions displayed the memory of Hakka? How to construct displaying the contents of the memory of Hakka? Then, what type communication and the discussion only then does form the audience to see the exhibition of the memory of Hakka?
This research in order to understand the condition of Hakka museums in each region. First, generally survey each place Hakka museums. And then, picking up Taipei County Hakka Museum and Kaohsiung County Meeinong Hakka Museum carry on case study. The results of this research cloud be generalized the following points. First, displayed contents take the discourse as the basis, it provides the frame of memory and memorial points. But at the same time, displayed contents would be influenced by the management idea, community inhabitants, the ethnic group, politics and the economy and so on. Developers (including the government department, scholars and experts, design team and manufacture team) have power to change or maintain the frame of memory and memorial points. Second, The Hakka museums display the way which the memory of Hakka is the object primarily, lack of taking the human as basic. Third, in the temporal dimensions, displayed the memory of Hakka is also in the past, the few parts have displayed the present viewpoints. Finally, there are not many Hakka museums combine with community. Anyways, if it maintains good relational with the community, the Hakka museum usually has good operation, could not turn into the mosquito hall.

並列關鍵字

museum exhibition ； Hakka museums ； memorial points ； the frame of memory ； the memory of Hakka

參考文獻

張譽騰，1996，〈生態博物館的規劃理念與個案之解析〉。《博物館學季刊》10(1)：7-18。

陶蕃瀛，1993，〈試論博物館的社區居民參與〉。《博物館學季刊》7(2)：9-15。

林勝義，1993，〈博物館與社區之結合〉。《博物館學季刊》7(2)：3-8。

王嵩山，1990，〈物質文化的展示〉。《博物館學季刊》4（2）:39-47。

行政院客家委員會，2004，《全國客家人口基礎資料調查研究》。台北：客委會。