In this thesis, we establish the theoretical model of the collinear holographic storage system and derive the formula for readout lights under paraxial condition based on VOHIL model. According to the formula, we analyze the key properties of the holographic system, including the effects caused by the reference beam, by the wavelength, by the focal length of the lens, and by the thickness of the recording medium. Besides, we analyze the point spread function and the shifting selectivity when the reference light is phase modulated. Finally we simulate the BER and the SNR of the systems.