日治時期臺灣武道活動之研究

The study of the Budo(Japanese martial art) activities in Taiwan during the Japanese colonization era

陳義隆(I-Lung Chen)

指導教授 ： 戴寶村

國立中央大學/文學院/歷史研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究以日本殖民時期，臺灣之武道活動為主軸，說明經過明治維新運動後，日本傳統的武道文化，如何在時代的變遷當中延續下來，並經由出身武士或下級貴族的階級，在日本的政治、經濟、文化等全面歐化運動的過渡期間，如何將武士應用於戰場之技術，轉變為精神與身體規訓的「武道」。且在其過程當中，藉由戰勝清廷之甲午戰爭，所營造尚武的社會風潮下，組織而成「大日本武德會」，並在此風潮中，將延續而下的武士道文化加入日本的教育體系，造成日本統治臺灣時期的武道文化移植所建構的前身。

日本快速進入近代資本主義的國家之林同時，相對的也讓日本走向對外侵略之路。自甲午戰爭（1894～1895）延續至日俄戰爭（1904～1905）戰勝後，武道組織擴展到日本各都、道、府、縣，甚至透過不斷的請願活動，將武道行諸於教育體制中。正因日本侵略的軍國主義與對外戰爭。所以皇民武道的精神與身體的鍛鍊，在此應用之際更顯重要。主導此相關事項之「大日本武德會」，此時的角色扮演被明顯的凸顯出來。在戰時體制下，政府大力介入，武德會也改組成為政府的外廓組織；其內部組織、角色扮演以及在臺灣所推行的活動內容、建制於教育體制下的變化，當時時空環境中，「武道」以何種模式與內容，灌輸於殖民地臺灣？並嘗試以當時的資料與數據，反映出當時台灣所被形塑與引導的內容。乃至於隨著戰事的結束之後，臺灣與日本對於這些「武道」活動有何延續與變化，則為本文所欲闡述。

日本武士道文化及近代武道之間有著長遠的相互變化，但殖民時期台灣武道文化移植與生根，在時代變化下的目的與演進，隨著活動與組織化的出現，將此一特殊的文化素材加諸在臺、日教育體制中。並從日本武道源流，探討近代武道的發展，進而在移植至台灣之過程，對於武道文化的內容與變化加以論述。藉由日人武道教育的傳承與移植至臺人的內容，以及報紙、雜誌報導的相關記錄，藉此勾勒出時代的變遷之下，日本政府對於臺灣武道活動、教育等推廣上的內容以及變化。

關鍵字

劍道 ； 武道教育 ； 武道活動 ； 大日本武德會 ； 柔道

並列摘要

The study focused on the history of the Budo (Japanese martial art) activities during the Japanese colonization in Taiwan. It described how the traditional Budo culture survived after Meiji Reform(the period when Japan engaged in the total “Europeanization”in the aspects of politics, economy and culture ) and transformed form the martial arts of Samurai for the battle field into the Budo as daily practices of spiritual and physical training by the people who were the former Samurai or the lower noble class. During the period, Japan won the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the whole Japanese society valued the spirits of Samurai, the Great Japan Budo Moral Association was established. During the period, the whole Japanese educational system was implanted with the Samurai spirits. Taiwan, as a Japanese colony, was influenced by the social trends of Budo. The Budo culture were introduced into Taiwan alone with the Japanese educational system.

While Japan transformed into a capitalism country, Japan start the invasion to the countries of neighborhood. Succeeded by the victory of Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japan won the Russo-Japanese War of 1904~1905, the Budo organizations increased quickly and diffused into each region and each level of governance. Further more, by continuous petitions, the Budo was enforced by the education system. For the encourage of the militarism and the victories of invasions, the Budo spirits was highly valued and encouraged. The role of the Great Japan Budo Moral Association was remarkable highlighted during the period. During the war time, Japanese government interfere the operation of Great Japan Budo Moral Association and became the governmental affiliate organization. The thesis tried to find out the organization structure, roles, activities and the developments within the civil educational system of Great Japan Budo Moral Association in Taiwan during the colonization period. Also, the thesis tried to identify by which ways and contents the Budo cultures were used and cultivated among the Taiwanese in the context of colonization period. Then, the thesis tried to show the legacy and interaction of Budo culture between Taiwan and Japan after the end of World War II.
The Samurai culture and the modern Budo have a long term relation of interplay. During the colonization period, the Budo culture was introduced into Taiwan then rooted and developed locally. The aims and mission of Budo evaluated with the historical developments and embedded into the education system both in Japan and Taiwan. The thesis also described the content and changes of Budo during the history form the beginning of Budo and development in modern time then finally introduced to Taiwan. The thesis collected the contents of the Budo educational materials in Taiwan, the clippings of newspaper and magazines and analyzed the contents and the transformations of the contents which were used by the Japanese colony government on the purposes of Budo education and promotion in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Judo ； Kendo ； Budo education ； Budo activities ； Dai-Nippon-Butokukai

參考文獻

梁華璜，《臺灣總督府的「對岸」政策研究》，臺北縣：稻鄉，2001年。

周婉窈，〈從比較的觀點看臺灣與韓國的皇民化運動（1937-1945）〉，《新史學》第5卷第2期（1994.06）。

辛德蘭，〈日治時期臺灣的大日本武德會（1900-1945）〉，《兩岸發展史研究》，第二期（2006.12）。

參考書目

一、史料