運用符號取代施工指令以提升工率之研究-以建築模板板施工為例

現今國內建築工程之工地現況，當以施工圖作為工班與工班間的輔助溝通工具，但由於施工圖是一個資訊密度非常高且為非常複雜的一個技術性文件，加上現今營造工人素質參差不齊以及勞工人力斷層問題，以致於未來有意願從事建築工程的工人無法容易上手，為了改善施工的過程中工班的溝通產生多於誤解以及新進到工程領域的工人理解施工圖上的困擾，本研究以建築模板為研究範圍，採用符號以提升施工效率，本研究以文獻回顧法大量收集文獻，針對問卷訪談選用合適的符號，設計一套屬於建築模板工程的符號系統，此符號模板在事前設計規劃階段就為每一塊模板嵌入符號，對於未來的施工者只需要學習符號所表達的基本概念，即可完成工作任務。

關鍵字

符號、建築模板、施工效率；建築模板；施工效率

並列摘要

At the frontline of construction activities, work crews must rely on working drawings/shop drawings as the means of communication, among them or within each of them. Upon the use of drawings as a communication tool, oral communications are also inevitably essential. This conventional communication approach may seem typical and natural, but it creates substantial “noise” in many aspects of technical and non-technical communication. Errors, confusions, incompletions in communication results in rework, slow pace, repetition and loss of morale in construction. These all amount to great loss of construction productivity. This study commences with an innovative concept of communication by using symbols, numbers, and coloring for forming the technical elements of work order and planning. The purpose is to removing the need of oral communication outright, and commands a near-automatic assembly on site. The pre-requisite of this concept requires a re-thinking of construction planning, and doing away all decision making for work crews on site. This study centers on formwork construction in contemplating this possibility. The results of this study include a set of coding, which includes mostly symbols and numbers to be marked on each piece of the wooden form. The coding on each piece of wooden form is essentially the instructions to the crew with regards to how and where the form should be placed, the logical sequencing of the preceding forms, the orientation of the form, where and how the form should be placed once dismantled, and the like. This set of coding was tested to a group of non-technical interviewees, in order to understand how heuristic and easy to comprehend on the site. The test points to a successful outcome. The contribution of this study includes the production of a set of heuristic coding which has the potential to replace the need for oral communication in formwork construction on site; and this innovation approach may enable non-technical workers to conduct more complex tasks, thus reducing the need for expensive and short supply technical workers.