電動汽車的補貼政策與特徵價格模型實證分析

吳雅婷(YA-TING WU)

指導教授 ： 劉錦龍

國立中央大學/管理學院/產業經濟研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

全球環境快速變遷，環境意識與生態保護已成為各國政策推行的重點議題。鑒於電動汽車在整體的能源消費之週期、操作成本及噪音與空氣的汙染上具有顯著的優勢，各國紛紛藉此訂定補貼政策，改變消費者偏好以期提高購買傾向。
本文將先探討美國各州相關替代能源汽車、電動汽車與充電式油電混合汽車等車種之補貼因素探究，試圖瞭解各種州特性與制訂補貼政策間之關係。再利用特徵價格模型以車款的性能、能源指標及外觀等三部分著手分析影響電動汽車、充電式油電混合汽車與油電混合汽車固定成本與變動成本的因子，即討論造成汽車製造商建議售價以及每年燃料成本兩方面變動的因素。
實證研究結果顯示，各州對制定相關環保車種補貼的態度，大學教育水準(含以上)以及個人平均所得水平、空氣品質三方面占了相當大的影響程度。其中，大學教育水準(含以上)在探討州政府是否給予汽車購買與汽車相關基礎設備兩者補貼影響程度最大；而個人平均所得水平則是另一個會顯著影響州政府是否給予汽車購買補貼的重要因素。在討論汽車製造商建議售價之影響因子，汽車性能與外觀影響最甚，且充電式油電混合汽車及油電混合汽車具有時間趨勢；每年燃料成本則將隨汽車性能變動最顯著，其中，充電式油電混合汽車在燃料成本方面亦存在時間趨勢。

關鍵字

電動汽車 ； 美國電動汽車補貼法規 ； 特徵價格模型

並列摘要

Since global climate have changed rapidly, environmental concerned and ecological conservation have been the two basic concerns of policy enactment. The electric vehicle presents significant superiority when compared to internal combustion engine vehicles. It has lower lifecycle energy consumption, operating cost, air and noise emissions. In order to change the preference of car-purchasing behavior, most countries provide incentives for electric vehicles and relevant infrastructures.
This study investigates what may influence the state government to enact the subsidy for alternative fuel vehicles, electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Try to clarify the relationship between the features of states and subsidies. To analyze the factors that affect fix cost and various cost for electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles by using Hedonic Price Method. The dependence variables consist of three aspects, vehicle operation performance, energy indication and exterior, which are considered by consumers when buying vehicles.
The econometric analysis with OLS model reveals that the length of national highway system, bachelor’s degree or high and per capita income are the most influential factors for state governments for making incentives. Electric vehicles are effected by vehicle operation performance and energy indication in fix cost and various cost. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have upward time trend in both parts. Hybrid electric vehicles only have downward time trend in fix cost.

並列關鍵字

EV ； subsidies for electric vehicles in USA ； Hedonic Price Method

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