抗戰前期廖承志與八路軍駐香港辦事處之研究(1938-1941)

1937年七七事變後，抗日戰爭全面爆發。形成國共合作抗日，中共的西北紅軍接受國民政府改編為國民革命軍第八路軍。中共在得到國民政府同意後，於國民政府的統治地區設立辦事處。由於，中共中央地處西北偏遠地區，對吸收海外華僑和外國人士的捐助十分不便，必須在中國大陸的沿海地區設立八路軍辦事處，作為中共與國外連繫的橋樑。香港為英國殖民地，地理上臨近廣州，是珠江三角洲的重要門戶。1937年10月，毛澤東命廖承志到香港成立八路軍駐香港辦事處，負責中共在聯絡、向海外宣傳、募集捐款物資的機構。八路軍駐香港辦事處自1938年1月在香港成立，至1941年12月底香港被日軍佔領，駐港八辦撤出香港為止，前後共歷時四年。廖承志在主持八路軍駐港辦事處期間，極積為中共展開文化宣傳工作、募集款項和物資、蒐集情報等。廖承志在香港開辦《華商報》，成為當時中共在香港的宣傳媒體；並協助當時來港的抗日文化人士開辦報紙雜誌。此外，廖承志更與宋慶齡合作在香港成立保衛中國同盟，向世界各地宣傳中共的抗日情況，以爭取國際人士的支持。在武裝抗日方面，廖承志領導的駐港八辦，協助東江地區抗日游擊隊的建立，並組織華僑回鄉服務團協助抗日。太平洋戰爭爆發後，日軍開始向香港進攻。在香港淪陷後，廖承志依照中共中央的指示，把滯留在香港的抗日文化人士撤離香港，展開大營救的行動。其間廖承志與東江游擊隊合作，成功把滯留在香港的抗日文化人士撤出香港。

關鍵字

八路軍辦事處；廖承志；華商報；保衛中國同盟

並列摘要

The Sino-Japanese War broke out after Lugouqiao Incident in 1937.With the cooperation between the Kuomintang(KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the CCP adapted the Red Army as the Eighth Route Army . Since the Central Committee of CCP was located in remote Northwest China, the assistance and donations from overseas Chinese could hardly reach. In order to keep contact with the overseas Chinese, CCP needed a liasion. Therefore, CCP, approved by KMT Government, set up an office in KMT Government-ruled area. Hong Kong, as a British colony, was close to Guangzhou, the most important gateway into Pearl River Delta. Consequently, in October, 1937, Mao Zedong commanded Liao Chengzhi to establish Eighth Route Army Office there. The Hong Kong office was responsible for the communication, promotion and donation from the overseas. In December, 1941, the Japanese occupied the office that was formed in January, 1938. Eighth Route Army Office last for only four years. During the period of Liao’s governing in Eighth Route Army in Hong Kong, he raised money and aids and gathered information for China enthusiastically. Liao was also active in cultural promotion. He ran “Hwa Shiang Pao” (Hwa Shiang Newspaper), the main media of CCP in Hong Kong; he also assisted the anti-Japanese to publish their own newspapers and magazines. In addition, Laio and Soong Ching Ling were cooperative to form China Defense League in order to propagate the idea of anti-Japanese. Hence, they were able to gain the support from the international community. As to the armed resistance, the office led by Liao aided the people in Dong Jiang region to establish the anti-Japanese guerrillas. Besides, it urged the overseas Chinese to return to the homeland and join the anti-Japanese movements. As soon as the Pacific War broke out, the Japanese attacked Hong Kong. After Hong Kong fell into the enemy hands, Liao, commanded by the CCPcentral Committee, rescued the anti-Japanese personages held up in Hong Kong successfully with the help of the guerrillas of Dong Jiang.