三維動態位移之數位影像量測技術

Measurement of the Three-Dimensional Dynamic Deflection by the Digital Image Method

黃柏源(Po-Yuan Huang)

指導教授 ： 王仲宇

國立中央大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

位移之量測一直是土木結構物檢監測中一個重要的項目，也是許多安全性評估的依據之一。尤當地震、洪水等巨大天災發生後，道路橋梁的損害往往造成民眾的不便甚至於截斷了生活必需品的運輸路線，而恢復道路橋梁之正常運作，必須視道路橋梁之損壞狀況而定，對於非全毀壞之橋梁的安全性與使用性做出正確與可靠的判斷，是讓社會大眾快速恢復正常運作的關鍵，因此迫切需要一個健全可靠且有效的非破壞量測與評估技術。本文係運用數位影像分析方法發展出一套不用黏貼覘標之非接觸遠距量測位移方法，進一步利用景深變位的成像現象發展出一套單機3 維位移量測方法，僅用一台相機便可對觀測點施行3 維運動軌跡量測，並以實驗室之實驗驗證兩套方法於動態位移量測之可行性，再以台灣宜蘭泰雅大橋與牛鬥橋之現地量測探討現地實際應用之廣泛性與實用性，並與IBIS-S、全測站、光達共同比較驗證。

關鍵字

動態位移 ； 單機3維位移量測 ； 3維位移量測 ； 無覘標位移量測 ； 數位影像 ； 景深行為模式迴歸法 ； 構件邊緣追蹤法

並列摘要

Displacement measurement is an important item of the health monitoring and diversification performance evaluation of civil infrastructures. Especially after earthquakes, floods and other enormous natural disasters, large number of the population will be dislocated, the recovery processes are usually hampered by the numerous damaged civil infrastructures, some are totally and others are partially. Therefore, it is critical to determine the safety of the partially damaged infrastructures so that the society could regain their usage and could have a speedy return to normalcy. Thus, there is an urgent need for reliable, robust and effective non-destructive evaluation techniques. In this paper, digital image analysis processing is applied to position coordinates of the specific targets on a structure and to calculate its displacements. Further, combines a method that using non-targets measurement with digital video measuring dynamic deflection to develop a non-contact and non-target remote measurement method of bridge deflection. In other hand, by returning the image variation that changes because observation point’s out-of-plane motion, this paper develop a method that using single camera to determine the 3D deflection. Experiments of a vibrating beam were conducted to verify and validate the proposed measurement and analysis techniques. In addition, besides targets and non-targets results, the comparisons with the results obtained by IBIS-S system, Total Station and LiDAR were also conducted to understand the performance of the proposed method.

並列關鍵字

non-targets deflection measurement ； 3D deflection measurement ； digital image ； Method of the Behavior Regression of Field Depth ； dynamic deflection ； Component Edge Tracing Method ； single camera 3D deflection measurement

參考文獻

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[22] 馮華德，「發展數位影像相關三維位移量測系統」，國立中興大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，台中(2006)。

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