苗栗海線客家話之語言混用現象研究

The research of mixed language phenomenon in Hakka dialect in Miaoli

邱筱雯(Hsiao-Wen Chiu)

指導教授 ： 羅肇錦 ； 陳秀琪

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家研究碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本論文主要探討苗栗海線三鎮客家話，因長期與閩南語、四縣客家話、及海陸客家
話語言接觸後，形成語言混用現象，針對海線三鎮―後龍鎮、通霄鎮、苑裡鎮進行客家
話語音及詞彙之田野調查，而研究中發現在海線三鎮的客家話與一般客家話有所差異，
差異來源乃因語言接觸而導致語言混用現象，海線三鎮的客家話已與一般的客家話說的
不一樣，因受閩南語及四縣、海陸客家話彼此間的影響，使得語音上的聲母、韻母及聲
調都產生了變化，而形成了混用現象。除了語音受影響外，在詞彙上亦呈現出詞彙借用
的情形，除了發現有部分移借、完全移借，尚有詞彙上的音韻借用，語言接觸可使得語
言產生激烈變化，也可能產生混用、借用現象。
而本論文研究後發現，以海線三鎮的客家話而言，當地的客家人所講的客家話，呈
現出一種不穩定的現象，海陸客家人有時會混用到四縣客家話的調值，有時也會混用到
閩南語的調值，故當地客家人所說的客家話非普遍的現象，也尚未形成當地穩定的語音
系統，與正統的客家話也有所不同，而形成了研究上的限制。然而這些現象也是因語言
接觸，而產生的語言混用現象。海線三鎮客家話語音與詞彙變化頻繁且豐富，值得深入
研究之。

關鍵字

客家話 ； 語言接觸 ； 苗栗 ； 借詞 ； 語言混用

並列摘要

In this research, it discusses the mixed language phenomenon which is caused by
language contact for a long time between Taiwanese, Sixian Hakka dialect and Hailu Hakka
dialect in three towns near the sea in Miaoli. According to the three towns near the sea -
Houlong , Tunghsiao and Yuanli , it progresses field research in phonie and lexicon. It
discovers that in this research there are some differences between Hakka dialect in three
towns near the sea and general Hakka dialects. The differences comes from language contact
and it causes mixed language phenomenon. Hakka dialect in three towns near the sea is
different from general Hakka dialects. Because it was affected by Taiwanse, Sixian Hakka
dialect and Hailu Hakka dialect, the phonie in three towns near the sea shows differences in
initials, finals, and tones. It forms language mixed phenomenon. Besides, phonie is affected,
and it shows the situation of lexical borrowing in lexicon. Moreover, it finds that part
borrowing, whole borrowing and phonolog borrowing in lexicon. Language contact can make
language change violently, and it may have mixed language and borrowing phenomenon.
After this research, it finds that Hakka dialect spoken by Hakka dialect people in three
towns near the sea shows a kind of unstable phenomenon. Sometimes Hailu Hakka dialect
people may mix the tones of Sixian Hakka dialect, and sometimes they may mix the tones of
Taiwanese. Therefore, Hakka dialect spoken by Hakka dialect people in three towns near the
sea is not a general phenomenon, and it doesn’t form a stable phonie system yet there. It is
different from normal Hakka dialect, and it also becomes a limit in the research. However,
these phenomenon is caused by language contact, and it produces mixed language
phenomenon. The phonie and lexicon of Hakka dialect in three towns near the sea change
frequently and variable, and it is deserves further study.

並列關鍵字

language contact ； Hakka dialect ； Miaoli ； mixed language ； borrowing

參考文獻

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