嘉義市犯罪熱區居民犯罪被害恐懼感與防衛空間認知之關聯性研究

A Study Of The Relation Between Fear Of Crime And The Perception Of Defensible Space On The People Of Hot Crime Areas In Chiyi City

黃癸瑩(Kuei-Ying Huang)

指導教授 ： 鄭瑞隆

國立中正大學/教育學院/犯罪防治學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討嘉義市犯罪熱區中居民之犯罪被害恐懼感與防衛空間認知之關聯性。其中包括比較犯罪熱區及犯罪冷區之居民在於犯罪被害恐懼感及防衛空間認知及其各相關因子上是否具有差異，另外也透過對居民的不同人口變項，包含性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、社經地位、健康狀況、治安觀感、居住地區警察維護治安滿意度及被害經驗來探究其在犯罪被害恐懼感及防衛空間認知上是否具有差異或關聯性，最後再探討防衛空間認知與犯罪被害恐懼感之相關情形。研究以嘉義市政府警察局提供調閱之99年刑案發生地點紀錄，透過GIS分析，以街區為取樣單位，界定了4個犯罪熱區及2個犯罪冷區作為研究地區，並以郵寄問卷方式進行測試，共回收了412份有效問卷，並進行測試後的資料分析。
本研究發現犯罪冷熱區之居民在犯罪被害恐懼感及防衛空間認知方面，並無顯著差異。而不同性別、年齡、是否有過間接被害經驗在犯罪被害恐懼感上有不同程度的差異，不同的年齡、婚姻狀況、社經地位及是否有過直接或間接的被害經驗則是在防衛空間認知上有不同程度的差異。另外透過相關分析探討，發現治安觀感與犯罪被害恐懼感有顯著的負相關，與防衛空間認知則是有顯著的正相關，居住地區警察維護治安滿意度則與防衛空間認知有顯著的正相關，防衛空間認知與犯罪被害恐懼感呈現顯著相關，顯現防衛空間認知對犯罪被害恐懼感之影響。
最後根據研究結果，本研究提出加強推動治安風水師方案、提升派出所員警服務、彙整民眾意見來加強管理公共環境、透過獎勵機制鼓勵社區發展以及建立社區防衛空間評量機制等建議，以供警政當局在推動犯罪預防宣導及推動降低民眾犯罪被害恐懼政策時參考。

關鍵字

防衛空間認知 ； 犯罪被害恐懼 ； 犯罪熱區

並列摘要

This study discusses the relation between fear of crime and the perception of defensible space on the people who live both in hot crime areas and cold areas in Chiyi city. It examines whether the difference existed in fear of crime and the perception of defensible space between residents from hot crime areas and low crime area. Through investigating the variables, including gender, age, educational level, marital status, socioeconomic status, health, public security perception, the satisfaction of local police and victimization experience, the researcher explored whether the differences in the perception of crime fear of crime and defensible space or relevance could be found, and discussed the relation between perception of defensible space and fear of crime. The study acquired the official data provided by the Chiayi City Police Bureau about criminal cases records of location in 2010 and administered GIS analysis. The unit of analysis is city blocks, which had been defined as four hot crime areas and two low crime areas. Questionnaires was mailed to the residents within the identified blocks and, finally, 412 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis.
The research found that there is no significant difference in fear of crime and the perception of defensible space revealed by the residents of the hot crime areas and low crime areas. And the residents with different gender, age, and indirect victimization experience have varying degrees of differences in the fear of crime. Also there are different degrees of difference in terms of age, marital status, socioeconomic status, direct victimization and indirect victimization experience in the perception of defensible space. In addition, through the correlation analysis, public security perception and fear of crime have a significant negative correlation but a significant positive correlation with the perception of defensible space. The satisfaction towards local police performance has a significant positive correlation with the perception of defensible space. And the perception of defensible space and fear of crime have significantly negative correlation.
Based on the results of this research, the researcher proposes some specific recommendations for the police authority to improve the measures for crime prevention, and to promote the policy for the reduction of public insecurity and fear of crime, such as to promote the assessment of the social security planners implementation, enhance the police service, collect public opinion to strengthen the management of public environment, and encourage community development.

並列關鍵字

the perception of defensible space ； fear of crime ； hot crime area

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