離子液體固定鈀奈米粒子於三氧化二鋁之合成及催化上的應用

The Preparation and Catalytic Application of Ionic-Liquid Immobilized Pd Nanoparticles on Al2O3

呂秀媛(Hsiu-Yuan Lu)

指導教授 ： 吉凱明

國立中正大學/理學院/化學暨生物化學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

催化表面積常是決定金屬催化效率之重要因素，奈米級的催化劑因為粒徑尺寸小所以表面原子數多，相對其活性點也較多，且表面原子位能較高，在催化反應上有很好的效果。但此類金屬奈米催化劑，由於顆粒非常小，難以將其與反應物或產物分離，因此本研究將鈀金屬奈米粒子附載於載體Al2O3或SiO2顆粒上，形成鈀金屬奈米粒子/載體(Pd nanoparticles/carrier)，並加入離子液體使鈀奈米粒子更穩定附載於載體上，形成金屬奈米粒子/離子液體/載體(Pd nanoparticles/ionic liquid/carrier)系統，此系統結合奈米催化劑的高反應性及固定式催化系統的易分離、可重覆利用及催化效率穩定的特性，增強奈米催化劑的實用性及環保性，有利於工業上的應用。
催化反應選用Pd nanoparticles/ionic liquid/carrie進行Heck催化反應探討，改變鈀奈米粒子的添加量、反應的溫度、有機鹼的添加量，探討其催化活性，並比較不同載體之催化轉換率。純鈀奈米粒子易在反應過程中產生聚集或分解的現象，造成催化效率隨著催化次數增加而降低，而固定式載體系統則在載體及離子液體的保護下，可重覆利用達20次以上且不失其活性，此系統相較於純鈀奈米粒子更易回收，為一綠色環保的催化劑。

關鍵字

離子液體 ； 載體 ； 鈀 ； 催化反應

並列摘要

Catalytic surface area is an important factor of the metal catalytic efficiency. Metal nanoparticles are good for catalysis, because the size is very small. Nanoscaled catalysts have more surface atoms and active sites. The potential energy of surface atoms is higher than internal atoms, so nanoparticles have great catalytic efficiency. The particles size of metal nanoparticle catalysts are very small, so they are difficult to separate with the reactants or products. This study is used palladium nanoparticles to loaded on the carrier Al2O3 or SiO2 particles, forming palladium nanoparticles/carrier. And we added the ionic liquid to stale palladium nanoparticles of palladium nanoparticles/carrier, forming palladium nanoparticles/ionic liquid/carrier catalytic system. The system combines many characteristics that include high reactivity of nano-catalysts, easily separate and recycle of fixed catalytic systems. It’s enhance the practicality and environmentally of nano-metal catalysts, and conducive to industrial applications.
The study used palladium nanoparticles/ionic liquid/carrier to discuss the catalytic activity of heck reaction. We change the added amount of Pd nanoparticles, organic base, reaction temperature and reaction time that can compare the catalytic conversion rate of different systems. Pure palladium nanoparticles may easy to decomposition or aggregation during the reaction, and resulte catalytic efficiency decrease when recycle number increase. The fixed catalytic systems with ionic liquid, can be repeated up to 20 times, and they don’t lose its activity.

並列關鍵字

IL ； support ； Pd ； heck reaction

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