大法官釋字第649號解釋對視覺障礙按摩業者就業影響之研究

The Study on the Employment Effects of Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 649 for the Visually Impaired in the Massage Industry

邱品潔(Pin-Chieh Chiu)

指導教授 ： 許繼峰

國立中正大學/社會科學院/勞工關係學研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

全球化經濟與科技創新，造成我國勞動市場產生劇烈變動，中高齡、身心障礙者與原住民等弱勢勞工就業日益困難。自1980年開始便有「非視覺障礙者不得從事按摩業」之規定，令人遺憾的是法律的理想性目標脫離現實社會環境，不但難落實，而且嚴重損及法律尊嚴與公信，更造成多方不利的局面。
自司法院大法官作出釋字第649號解釋後，2011年11月1日起，按摩業的專屬職業權，不再屬於視覺障礙者，從事按摩的保護傘撤除後，對視覺障礙者的工作權與生存權產生莫大衝擊。有鑑於此，本研究採用深度訪談法蒐集與分析資料，試圖瞭解釋字第649號解釋對視障按摩業者就業之影響，包括視障按摩業者的工作機會、薪資所得等，同時檢視政府因應措施是否完善，並根據研究發現，提出政策建議。
根據研究結果發現，視障按摩業者的就業權益因釋字第649號解釋的施行而遭受危害，包括工作機會被明眼人取代、顧客減少、收入銳減、市場削價競爭等不利影響；技術能力不足以面對未來完全競爭的按摩市場；現有的配套措施不足以讓視障按摩業者安心轉業。
基於研究發現，本研究建議政府應提升雇主對視覺障礙者的接納度、在職業養成過程須嚴格把關及強化教育訓練、推廣企業認養與企業進用及開發新的就業職種等，以保障視覺障礙者於職場之工作權利。

關鍵字

生存權 ； 工作權 ； 視障按摩業 ； 視覺障礙 ； 釋字第649號解釋 ； 就業

並列摘要

The innovations in economy and technology are developing worldwide and have resulted in dramatic changes in our labor market. Seniors, Aboriginals, and anyone with disabilites face increasing difficulty in finding employment. Since 1980, the law that “non-visually impaired people cannot be employed in the massage industry” was set. Unfortunately, this law targets an unrealistic and unideal society. Not only is it difficult to implement, it also greatly undermines the dignity of law and public trust, thus causing further controversies.
Since the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 649 became in effect, starting Novemeber 1, 2011, the occupational rights of the massage industry no longer belonged exclusively to people with visual impairment. This removal of protection by right caused great impact between the right to work and right to exist for the visually impaired. In this study, in-depth interviews were used to collect and analyze data in order to understand the affect of No. 649 on visual impairment in the massage industry, which includes the opportunity for employment and income. The study will question whether or not the government is taking action and making policy recommendations according to research findings.
According to research results, the implement of No. 649 negatively affected the visually impaired in the massage industry. This includes employment lost to sighted people, reduced customers and income, and lower rices in the market that resulted in disadvantage. Faced with a future of competitive market and without sufficient skill, it was difficult to assure the visually impaired in the employement of the massage industry.
Based on research findings, this study suggests that the government should improve the employer’s acceptance of the visually impaired, enhance education in the field of employment in order to train and strengthen the skills, adopt and promote the use of corporate enterprise and development of new occupational categories, all to protect the visually impaired and their right to be employed in the workplace.

並列關鍵字

Right of Work ； Massage Business of the Visually-Impaired ； Vision-Impairment ； Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 649 ； Right of Existence ； Employment

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