我國逃逸外勞之研究：成因、影響與管理

Runaway Foreign Workers in Taiwan: Causes, Effects and Management

賈志偉(Chih-wei Chia)

指導教授 ： 李俊毅

國立中正大學/社會科學院/戰略暨國際事務研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

勞動市場的全球化導致各國持續引進外籍勞工，台灣2012年全年在台灣的外勞則有445579人，外勞事務引起我國各界關注。運用人口流動理論可以發現，外勞由於經濟、政治與文化因素，導致台灣成為外勞選擇前往的地點，台灣雇主也傾向僱用外勞。
　　來台外勞多數是藍領階層的勞動工作者，外勞與國人常有衝突，仲介引進時也未透明其費用，因此容易出現逃逸狀況，2012年逃逸的外勞達37177人，佔總外勞人數的8%。外勞逃逸後，可能排擠國人之就業、傷害國內治安，造成台灣社會的隱憂。
　　聯合國提出的「人類安全」理論，包含「經濟安全」、「糧食安全」、「健康安全」、「環境安全」、「個人安全」、「社群安全」與「政治安全」觀點。探討逃逸外勞的安全問題，發現外勞在台灣逃逸後會遭遇到「經濟安全」、「健康安全」、「人身安全」與「政治安全」的困境。同時逃逸外勞會造成當地居民以及其自身的衛生問題、族群問題、國人就業問題和治安問題。
　　我國專司外籍人士事務的內政部入出國及移民署，全力維護外籍人士與我國國民的權利。移民署之法規與人流管理機制，可運用人類安全觀念，檢視其內涵是否具有維護逃逸外勞「人類安全」的功能。運用「人類安全」理論，可改善當前移民署的政策，可保障外勞的基本權益，有效降低外勞逃逸人數，從各方面抑制外勞逃逸的因素，維護社會治安與傳統國家安全。

關鍵字：人類安全、逃逸外勞、人口流動理論、人流管理

關鍵字

外勞 ； 逃逸

並列摘要

The globalization of the labor market has made it possible for many countries to import foreign workers. In 2012, there were as many as 445579 foreign workers in Taiwan, and the figure has raised public concerns about foreign labor affairs. According to the migration theory, economic, political and cultural features make Taiwan an ideal place many foreign workers choose to come. On the demand side, many Taiwanese employers also tend to hire foreign workers.
Those foreign workers coming to Taiwan are mostly blue-collar ones. Given that there are tensions between foreign labors and local people from time to time, and that agencies introducing the foreign workers often overcharge the fees, some foreign workers tend to run away from their working places and become illegal workers. It is estimated that in 2012 there were 37177 runaway foreign workers, constituting 8% of the total foreign workers. It is generally held that the runaway foreign workers would become a social problem for Taiwan, as they may disturb the job market as well as cause public order issues.
This thesis undertakes a perspective of “human security,” which is advanced by the United Nations to include “economic security,” “food security,” “health and safety,” “environmental security,” “personal security,” “social security” and “political security,” to study the issue of runaway foreign workers in Taiwan. It is suggested that apart from the problems they may cause to the society, runaway foreign workers themselves also suffer from issues of “economic security,” “health security,” “personal security,” and “political security.” They would also bring to themselves and the local communities a variety of problems such as health, ethnic, employment and public order ones.
The National Immigration Agency is the main governing body in charge of foreign labors affair in Taiwan, aiming at guarding the rights of foreigners and residents alike. After a brief survey of the current laws and measures regarding runaway foreign workers, the thesis suggests that the concept of “human security” is useful to complement the existing practices, as it also emphasizes the security and rights of the foreign workers and may reduce the number of runaway foreign workers more effectively. It is in so doing that Taiwan’s internal security can be better addressed.

Keywords: Human Security, Runaway foreign workers, Migration theory, Migration Management

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