我國關廠歇業勞工保護之困境與突破：台南市某公司實徵研究

Predicament and Breakthrough of Labor Right Protection under Plant Closure and Business Shotdown in Taiwan:A Case Study of a certain enterprise located at Tainan City

吳旻釗(MIN-CHAO WU)

指導教授 ： 許繼峰

國立中正大學/社會科學院/勞工關係學研究所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

事業單位關廠歇業會導致眾多勞工失業，並衍生許多社會問題，政府部門透過法律的規範及行政行為來解決勞工債權問題，本研究目的試圖探討我國關廠歇業過程中法律的保障是否足夠，並與美國、德國及日本等國大量解僱勞工保護政策進行比較，另外行政機關在執行的過程中各項行政行為是否保障勞工權益，也是本研究要探討的，在研究方法上採用質化訪談方式，並擇定一個台南市發生的個案進行訪談分析。
在研究中發現，關廠歇業勞工面對關廠歇業過程中，大致會採取組成自救會方式來爭取勞工權益，並於後續採取走上街頭抗議吸引社會大眾關注，後續進行勞動訴訟等方式來維護自身權益，當然政府也需要加強勞動教育普及性，勞政主管機關採取行政行為包括勞資爭議調解解決紛爭，預警通報來監控事業單位營運是否正常，並透過限制出境等方式來逼迫雇主出面解決問題，此外我國工資墊償基金也發揮相當大的功能可以先行墊付，大幅保障勞工債權。此外本研究也指出我國相較於其他國家，在解僱門檻、通報期間、再僱用獎助及限制出境等相較於其他國家嚴格，另外在勞工參與及勞工法庭政府部門可以再進行政策研議。

關鍵字

關廠歇業 ； 大量解僱 ； 勞資爭議

並列摘要

Plant closure is a direct link to mass redundancy, which can cause more other social problems. This study is trying to find out the legislative protection is enough or not for workers who suffer from this problem in Taiwan. To go a step further, we will compare legislation of Taiwan with protection policies of the United State、Germany and Japan. Another issue we have explored is that executive actions which bureaucracy takes during the process can really be the safeguard of labor rights or not? This thesis is a qualitative research and interview-based, which case is a certain enterprise located at Tainan City.
In this study we have found that, workers who are confronted with mass redundancy disputes usually get united to organize self help groups in Taiwan, such group usually hold protest demonstration to catch public attention, and then go into litigation to defend their employment rights eventually. Executive actions which Taiwan government takes include Early Warning Notification, Mediation of Act for Settlement of Labor-Management Disputes, and prohibit the representatives or the responsible persons in fact of the business entity from going abroad. To our government, labor education is also a key approach to spread Legal knowledge among workers. In addition, Arrear Wage Payment Fund does help workers to ensure their creditor rights. Compare to other countries, Taiwan have a more stringent law on the perspective of the limitation on dismissal, the timetable to inform administrative authorities, limitation of rehire policy, and punishment of restricted from leaving the ROC. And what we have more jobs to work on is labor participation and the establishment of Labor Court.

並列關鍵字

Plant Closing ； Mass Redundancy ； Labor-Management Disputes

參考文獻

黃國昌，2009，〈我國勞動訴訟之實證研究-以第一審之審理與終結情形為中心（下）〉，《政大法學評論》，第107期，頁165-228。

焦興鎧，1988，〈美國法上不當解僱之概念及救濟之道〉，《美國研究》，第18卷第2期，頁36-131。

陳彥良，2007，〈解僱保護制度與我國大量解僱勞工保護法之關聯-解僱保護制度體系之初探〉，收錄於王方等著《94年度大量解僱勞工保護法制學術研討會論文集》，初版，台北：行政院勞工委員會，頁193-249。

蔣大中、陳瑞敏，2007，〈我國大量解僱勞工保護法制之司法實務與修法回饋〉，收錄於王方等著《94年度大量解僱勞工保護法制學術研討會論文集》，初版，台北︰行政院勞工委員會，頁313-332。

王能君，2004a，〈日本「解僱權濫用法理」與「整理解僱法理」〉，收錄於郭玲惠等編著《大量解僱勞工保護法制之研究》，台北：臺灣勞動法學會，頁43-67。