性侵害加害人執行刑後強制治療保安處分之現況與困境

A Study of Current State and Dilemma of Administering Post-sentencing Compulsory Treatment of Sex Offenders

張捷安

指導教授 ： 楊士隆

國立中正大學/教育學院/犯罪防治學系/博士(2016年)

摘要

依據2006年7月1日修正後刑法第91 條之1之規定，性侵害犯罪之加害人在徒刑執行期滿前，於接受輔導或治療後，經鑑定、評估，認有再犯之危險者，得入相當處所施以強制治療。且此治療處分之期間，依刑法第91條之1條第2項規定，係必須治療至性侵害加害人之再犯危險顯著降低為止。目前依據刑法第91 條之1接強制治療之個案均收治在台中監獄附設培德醫院內，依據統計數據顯示，自培德醫院於2012年開始收治個案迄今已經累計收治超過80名個案，目前仍在培德醫院內仍有約40名個案仍繼續接受治療中。
本研究之目的乃在於探討於這些接受刑後強制治療保安處分宣告之受處分人在治療期間，是如何進行治療計劃、這些治療方案對於這些受處分人是否有幫助、擁有判斷這些受處分人再犯風險顯著降低之審查委員，係如何判斷受處分人的再犯危險已經顯著降低等面向，因此本研究採取文獻分析法與深度質性訪談法進行研究。以實證之研究方法，分別對接受治療處分的受處分人、實施治療的治療師、審查受處分人之性犯罪再犯風險是否已經顯著降低的審查委員進行深度訪談。研究結果發現：
在受處分人方面：五位受訪者都認為接受團體治療對自己的情緒衝動控制與再犯預防能力有幫助；個別治療方面則有三位認為無法與治療者溝通。五位受訪者中有三位有換治療師的經驗，其中二位認為換治療師會對自己的治療會產生不利影響。五位受訪者都認為在評估審查會議中增加面審機制有助於維護自己權利。五位受訪者認為沒有通過審查評估的結論是不公平，認為審查維園所勾選的不通過原因似乎是為了不通過而敷衍勾選的。
在治療師部分：受訪的三位治療者都認為只要受處分人的認知功能正常，治療方案一定會有幫助。受訪的治療者都認為目前將智能不足與精神疾病的個案都送到刑後強制治療的執行治療機構，因為這樣的個案認知功能低落，個案間差異性太大將造成執行治療上極大的困擾。受訪的治療者都認為審查委員可能沒有完全了解治療師的治療內容，導致在評估審查會上的面審程序，變成是一些審查委員的個別治療程序。有二位受訪者認為，將這些受處分人與一般受刑人拘禁在同一處所，對於受處分人執行治療計劃會產生干擾。三位治療者都希望審查委員再不通過評估的理由上能多些註解，讓治療者能在為來制定治療計劃時能更具體明確。有一位受訪者希望台中監獄能建構獨立的治療空間與專業的保護隔離室。
在審查委員方面：四位受訪者都肯定治療者的努力，但也都認為現行法律判斷通過評估審查的標準不明確。四位受訪者都認為目前開會審查的時間不足，很難在開會時消化所有受處分人的資料並做出正確的判斷。
本研究依據研究發現分別提出結論與建議，包括建議受處分人床位不足與超收問題、提供治療者獨立的治療空間、審查評估會的投票單設計應讓審查委員有能附記解釋的欄位、在開會之前提供審查委員該次被提報者的所有資料，以利審查委員能做出妥適判斷、應建立判斷受處分人再犯風險是否有降低之判斷標準等。

關鍵字

刑後強制治療 ； 性侵害加害人

並列摘要

According to Criminal Code, Clause 91-1 amended on 1st July 2006 stipulates that a sex offender, before completing a sentence, If still has the possibility to commit the same crime again after receiving counseling or treatment, then should receive a compulsory treatment at a proper institute when he completing the sentence. According to Criminal Code, Clause 91-1, Paragraph 2 stipulates that the treatment period will be ended after the sex offender’s recidivistic danger becomes significantly low. The sex offenders receiving compulsory treatment as required by Criminal Code, Clause 91-1, are all in Pei De Hospital affiliated to Taichung Prison. The statistic data shows Pei De Hospital has received more than 80 cases of such crime since 2012. For the time being about 40 sex offenders still receive the treatment in this hospital.
The purpose of this research is to probe that what kind of therapy programs are given to these post-sentencing sex offenders during their treatment period, whether these therapy programs are helpful to these persons, and how the examination committeemen determine whether these sex offenders’ recidivistic danger becomes significantly low. This research adopted documentary analysis and in-depth interview, and employed empirical research method to do in-depth interviews with the persons receiving the post-sentencing compulsory treatment, the therapists and the examination committeemen on examining the recidivism rate of sex crime. The research revealed following findings:
On the sex offenders: All the five interviewees thought that group therapy was helpful to control self’s impulse and avoid recidivism. As to individual therapy, three persons claimed that they had communication problem with the therapists. Three of the five interviewees had the experience in changing therapists；Two of the three thought that changing therapists was disadvantageous to self’s therapy. All the five interviewees thought that adding an interview mechanism in the examination meeting was helpful to defend self’s right. They all held the same view that a conclusion without examination or appraisal was unfair. They thought that the examination committeemen checking the reason of failure was a perfunctory checking just for the purpose of giving a failure.
On the therapists: All the three interviewees thought that as long as the post-sentencing sex offenders had a normal cognition function, the therapy should be helpful. All the interviewed therapists thought that sex offenders of intellectual inadequacy or with mental illness were defects of cognition function, and sent such kind of persons to the therapy institute to receive a compulsory treatment making the therapy programs more difficulty. The interviewed therapists all thought that the examination committeemen might not completely understand the contents of therapy programs. Thus, some examination committeemen take the procedure of interview-based examination became an individual therapy. Two interviewed therapists thought that detaining these post-sentencing sex offenders together with ordinary inmates would interfere into the therapy programs. Three therapists all hoped that the examination committeemen could add more explanatory notes to the reasons of failure to pass the appraisal so that the therapists could set up a concrete and definite therapy program in the feature. One therapist suggested that our government sould build an independent therapy space and a professional isolation room.
On the examination committeemen: four interviewees all recognized the effort of the therapists. They all thought that the present regulations didn’t have a clear and definite standard to judge if these post-sentencing sex offenders are qualified to pass the examination. The four interviewees all thought that the examination time of the meeting was not enough. It was very difficult to digest those persons’ information during the meeting, and make a correct judgment.
The research based on the research findings brings up a conclusion and suggestion included: provide these post-sentencing sex offenders an independent therapy institute to solve the problem of short of beds and excess of these post-sentencing sex offenders, and provide a independent therapy space for therapists. Besides, the design of the ballot for appraisal should have a field for the examination committeemen to fill out an explanation, and before meeting provide the examination committeemen with all the information of these post-sentencing sex offenders to be examined so that the committeemen can make a proper judgment.

並列關鍵字

post-sentencing compulsory treatment ； sex offender

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