連續式炭化法及其性質-以竹材及無患子硬質種皮為例

Study of Continuous Charcoalization and Its Charcoal Properties from Bamboo and Soapnut Tree Kernel.

潘靖淳(Ching - Chun Pan)

指導教授 ： 藍浩繁 ； 林錦盛

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/木材科學與設計系所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2009.00049

摘要

隨著永續經營與回收再利用的意識抬頭，生物材料之永續發展為現今特別值得探討之問題。台灣森林資源豐富，竹材之林地面積佔全台7.2%，生長快速，4~5年即需砍伐，為取得容易之材料。無患子(Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.)為台灣低海拔常見樹種之一，其種子硬，一般作為栽植、手工藝品製造以及榨油使用，然榨油剩餘之硬質種皮多丟棄。以上廢棄物若能有效回收運用，不僅減少環境污染且能達到永續經營之目的。現今廢棄物之炭化研究多以批式炭化為主要，炭化時間多達90分鐘以上，費時且費成本。
本研究使用竹材(孟宗竹及桂竹)及廢棄之無患子硬質種皮為炭化原料，以連續式炭化高溫爐進行炭化處理，炭化溫度為500、700及900℃，以4 mL/min N2為製炭氣體，並將炭化時間縮減為10分鐘內完成。
結果顯示三種材料之炭性質與一般批式炭化研究中有相同之趨勢。以500~900℃連續式炭化之炭材其炭收率隨溫度增加而降低，pH、灰分及真密度則隨溫度提高而增加。無患子炭材其BET表面積為51.80~230.48 m2/g；孟宗竹為41.73~328.30 m2/g；桂竹為195.07~284.92 m2/g，其中在700℃時有最大值。亞甲基藍吸附試驗中，無患子硬質種皮炭之吸附率於震盪24小時後，皆達90%(93.08~99.51%)以上，且於震盪48 hr後吸附趨於和緩。以900℃研製之無患子硬質種皮炭及孟宗竹炭之遠紅外線放射率在室溫下皆超過0.85，而700℃炭化之無患子硬質種皮炭之遠紅外線放射率更可達0.9以上。

關鍵字

連續式炭化 ； 竹材 ； 無患子硬質種皮 ； BET比表面積 ； 亞甲基藍吸附 ； 遠紅外線放射率

並列摘要

Following the trend of recycle and business continuity, especially to probe into Bio-mass. There are plentiful of forest resources in Taiwan. forestry area of bamboo has 7.2% among forest resources of Taiwan. The bamboo is fast to grow and harvest generally 4-5 years, and acquire of material easily. Soapnut tree is one of the common varieties of trees that grow elevation in Taiwan. The seed of Soapnut tree contain numerous saponin which are the natural sanitizer. The seed is hard, and therefore it has been utilized as planting, handicrafts, and extract oil. However, the inner kernel of seed is generally abandoned after extracting oil processes. Purpose of business continuity, if we effective to retrieve to reduce of contamination. In this study, we used Moso bamboo(Mo), Makino Bamboo(Ma) and Soapnut tree kernel(So) for continuous charcoalization (within 10 minutes) and the charcoalization temperatures were setting at 500, 700 and 900℃. The charcoals were charcoaled by N2(g) a flow 4 mL/min before finishing. The results show that charcoal yield decreased with increasing temperature of treatment. pH, ash and true density of charcoal to improve with temperature but increase. BET surface area of the charcoals with 500-900℃ charcoals were 51.80~230.48 m2/g(So), 41.731~328.30 m2/g(Mo) and 195.07~284.92 m2/g(Ma) and the best result at 700℃. Besides methylene blue liquid phase adsorbing obtained the best adsorption value between 16~24 hours and charcoalization 700 ℃ of So-charcoal with oscillate adsorbing method. The adsorption rate of the charcoal were over 96%. The emissivity of the charcoals with 900℃ chars were over 0.85, and the charcoal which charcoalization 700 ℃ of soapnut tree kernel has high emissivity(＞0.9) at the room temperature.

並列關鍵字

continuous charcoalization ； bamboo ； soapnut tree kernel ； BET surface area ； absorption of methylene blue ； emissivity

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