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  • 學位論文

台南地區空氣污染物濃度特性分析

Characteristic analysis of air pollutants in Tainan area

指導教授 : 趙浩然
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摘要


空氣污染的問題與人體健康息息相關,再加上經濟快速發展,新的工業園區開發計畫,再加上原有各種活動所產生的空氣污染物,各項污染防治工作應受到重視。本研究資料是以行政院環境保護署設於台南縣市的空氣品質監測站1998年1月至2008年12月的空氣污染物監測資料月平均濃度為依據。首先,對空氣污染指標變化趨勢進行趨勢分析。再利用斯皮爾曼等級相關係數(Spearman rank order correlation coefficient)進行空氣污染物的相關性探討,以r=0.70以上,且p值小於0.01為顯著正、負相關。並以多元逐步線性迴歸分析法(multiple linear stepwise regression) 探討空氣污染物之間相互競爭的線性關係。最後以時間數列(time sreis)之指數平滑法(exponential smoothing)預測變化趨勢。 由台南地區各測站懸浮微粒與臭氧歷年濃度變化,顯示懸浮微粒仍有70μg/m3高於年平均值65μg/m3的濃度。臭氧的平均濃度高於30.0 ppb,且各測站為上升趨勢,這值得注意。臭氧濃度上升原因,經推論分析後認為是氮氧化合物、碳氫化合物經由日光照射作用產生光化學反應後生成臭氧。依相關性分析,工業、經濟活動及汽機車排放燃燒不完全所排出之污染物,NO、NO2、NOX仍是主要污染因素,在統計上具有顯著性,以及高度正相關性,氣象因子中的溫度、雨量具有統計顯著性,以及高度負相關性。在迴歸分析上,空氣污染物中NO、NO2、NOX的Adjusted R 2皆為1.000,氣象因子中的Adjusted R 2,風速為0.932,其次為風向為0.900,再次之為溫度為0.833,此情況與相關性分析的結果是相同的。 關鍵字: 相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析、空氣污染物、空氣污染指標

並列摘要


The hazardous air pollutants are closely related with human health for the public concern. In Tainan area, there are a lot of industrial zones nearby the residence. We collected the monitoring data of air pollutants from the air quality monitoring stations located at Tainan city and county between January 1998 and December 2008. The data were acquired from the web site of Tainan Environmental Protection Agency. The data of air pollutants were analyzed using the statistical software (SPSS version 12). The statistical methods were including descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient tests, and multiple linear regression models. We used the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient tests to determine the relationships among the different air pollutants. If the Spearman’s coefficients (r) were higher than 0.7 or less than -0.7 with statistical significances of p<0.001, we recognized them as statistically related pollutants. According to the changes of air pollutants during the selected years, it revealed that the mean value of 70 μg/m3 for suspended particulates in the selected years was still higher compared to the Taiwanese emission standard of 65μg/m3. It was worthily noted that the averaged concentrations of ozone were higher tan 30 ppb. The increase of ozone emission in our selected area might be mainly due to the emission of nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbons from vehicular engines directly generated by the sunlight after the photochemical reactions. Based on the correlation analysis, the air pollutants of NO, NO2, and NOx, which were generated by incomplete combustion of internal engine, were predominant to present the highly positive correlations. The major associated factors were NO, NO2, NOx, wind speed, wind direction, and temperature after the stepwise linear regression models. Keywords: air pollutants, correlation coefficient, multiple linear stepwise regression, pollutants standard index

參考文獻


行政院環境保護署,2008,「中華民國環境保護統計月報」。
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