文化符碼理論於家具設計創作之應用─以八家將臉譜為例

Application of Cultural Codes Theory on the Creative Furniture Design ─ A Case Study of Facial Mask from Ba Chia Chiang

陳兵誠(Being-Chenem Chen)

指導教授 ： 江吉龍 ； 陳啟雄

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/木材科學與設計系所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2009.00260

摘要

在邁入21世紀數位化科技時代，以「人性」為本，以「文化」為體的設計更加重要，除了反應文化的根基外，設計亦是一種文化的表達，若重新審思設計與文化間的關係，對於設計就必須回到人文美學的觀點。運用文化符碼理論的論述及重新審視設計領域的最主要目的，在於將設計視為一種設計師使用圖像符號系統的創作結果，而此創作結果與其社會環境與文化脈絡有著相互依存之關係。
臺灣擁有著豐富文化資產及在地資源，傳統民間宗教信仰亦為其中之一，在本土意識與文化藝術日漸抬頭現今，「家將」是民間廟會最具生命力的表演藝術陣頭，家將臉譜不論在圖騰造形、鮮艷色彩、細膩畫工等皆具有強烈的文化意象，為陣頭吸引眾人目光的焦點所在。本研究係以探究文化符碼理論於家具設計創作之應用，以傳統宗教民俗藝陣八家將作為研究之對象，藉由文化符碼理論為研究之基礎，將家將臉譜進行文化符號解碼與編碼分析轉換成設計元素，應用於家具設計創作，再藉由專家調查評估以茲驗證。結果顯示：
(1) 從文化本質所延伸至任何符號或圖像皆蘊含著內涵精神及外延層次兩個要素。(2) 文化符碼理論涵括理性設計思維、感性設計思維及規範性的設計思維，並可作為建構設計法則或解析設計創作思考之方法，具有設計應用之七大功能性。(3) 文化符號解碼與編碼表格，可應用於「設計研究」及「解析圖像符號或產品」二大面向分析，可提供學術領域或設計業界於產品設計及圖像符號分析之研究方法參考。(4) 八家將臉譜圖騰主要由符號線條及色彩所構成，經研究分析發現，不同地區師傅所彩繪之臉譜形式，比對後無明顯之差異性，顯示其圖騰皆具有相同之文化意涵。(5) 八家將之謝將軍和范將軍其角色結構組織意義，經轉化對應在現代社會體制中，如同於民間警察之職責，具查察善惡、除暴安良，亦警惕世人切莫作惡之社會道德規範精神。(6) 仿生造形設計分析法導入產品造形設計發想具實質成效，並可創造出多種造形形體之演變，縮短造形創意發想時間，可作為創新造形設計思維方法之參考依據。(7) 透過設計創意加值，家將文化精神傳遞，開發出具深層文化意涵家具作品。

關鍵字

文化 ； 解碼與編碼 ； 八家將 ； 臉譜 ； 家具設計

並列摘要

While entering the era of technology digitalization in 21st century, the “Humanity”-based and “cultural”-oriented design is increasingly gaining importance, because it not only reflects the very foundation of culture but design is essentially a cultural expression. When rethinking the correlation between design and culture, there is a need to start examining design from the perspective of humanity and aesthetics. The primary objective of utilizing the expression of cultural codes theory and reexamining design domain lies in regarding design as creative work of a designer’s rendering the pictorial sign system. Hence a designer’s creative work is invariably codependent to his/her social environment and cultural context.
There are abundant cultural heritages and local resources, and the traditional Taiwan folk religious belief is part of the heritage. Nowadays, the emergency of indigenous awareness and cultural arts has put the spotlight on the “Chia Chiang”. As the most agile performing art procession in Taiwan temple fairs, Chia Chiang’s facial masks have dynamic cultural significance whether in the totem configuration, bright colors or intricate brushwork. The research attempts to explore adapting the cultural codes theory in furniture design creation, and focuses on the traditional religious folk procession of the Ba Chia Chiang as the research subject. By decoding and encoding the cultural codes of Chia Chiang’ facial masks into design elements, then adapted in furniture design creation, the works are furthermore validated through experts’ investigation and evaluation. The result shows:
(1) Any symbol or graphic derived from cultural essence is infused with the two elements of intrinsic spirit and extrinsic hierarchy.
(2) Cultural codes theory is comprised of rational design thinking, sensual design thinking and regimented design thinking. It comes with seven functional design applications serving as a method to construct the design rules or decipher the design creative thinking.
(3) The table of cultural codes decoding and encoding can be used to analyze the two major constructs of “design study” and “deciphering a graphic symbol or product”. It can be referenced to as research method for product design or graphic symbol research analysis by academic filed or design industry.
(4) With the Ba Chia Chiang’s facial totems made up of linear symbols and colors, the research analysis shows that the facial mask patterns drawn by painters from different regions produce little ominous difference, suggesting that all of the totems represent identical cultural significance.
(5) General Hsieh and General Fan of Ba Chia Chiang, whose roles are similar to the role of civilian police in modern social system, represent the social morality code of discerning the right from wrong, eradicating the unscrupulous and keeping the social order, as well as deterring the general population from engaging in illegal conducts.
(6) Introducing the analysis method of biomimetic design in product styling design conception contributes to deriving tangible yield. This also offers a reference base as an innovative styling design conception method for how it helps to expand into many similar shapes and shorten the creative conception time.
(7) Through the additional value of design creativity, the conveyance of the Chia Chiang’s cultural essence help to develop furnish works with an inherent cultural significance.

並列關鍵字

Culture ； Encoding and decoding ； Ba chia chiang ； Facial mask ； Furniture design

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