大氣微粒上不同型態金屬組成特性探討

Characterization of different types of metals in atmospheric particulates

林韋仁(Wei-Jen Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳瑞仁

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2008.00148

摘要

本研究於民國96年3月17~19日及9月3~5日，在屏東市台一線省道路旁(簡稱交通源)及屏東市中正國小3樓頂(簡稱都會區)，以泛用型空氣採樣器，進行大氣粗(PM2.5-10)細(PM2.5)懸浮微粒採樣。此外於96年12月30日至97年1月1日在屏東科技大學環工系館三樓頂(簡稱郊區)，以分道採樣器(簡稱Dichot)，進行連續三天大氣粗(PM2.5-10)細(PM2.5)懸浮微粒採樣，以探討交通源、都會區及郊區大氣微粒上所分析17種金屬與S及Si各成分之總濃度(Total concentration）、不穩定性成分(Labile fraction)、酸雨成分(Acid-rain fraction)、水溶性成分(Water-soluble fraction)及生物有效性成分(Bioaccessible fraction)等不同型態成分之特性。
研究結果顯示：採樣期間交通源大氣PM2.5及PM2.5-10濃度均明顯地較都會區之值高(分別為1.7及2.6倍)。都會區大氣PM10上細微粒濃度佔之比例(PM2.5/PM10=0.80±0.04)較交通源之値(0.72±0.03)高。降雨後交通源及都會區其大氣粗細微粒濃度均較長時間晴天時之測值低。與9月份交通源及都會區測值相較，郊區12月底採樣期間，因受大陸沙塵暴影響，其大氣粗細微粒濃度雖然均明顯地分別比鄰近污染源之交通源及都會區之測值高，亦比都會區3月採樣時之值高；然因其懸浮微粒(PM10)中粗微粒(PM2.5-10)濃度之增加明顯地較細微粒(PM2.5)多，致在郊區其大氣PM2.5/PM10值(平均0.59±0.01)反而均較交通源及都會區之值低。
交通源與都會區大氣PM2.5及PM2.5-10上所測之17種金屬中各金屬之總濃度大致上均以Na、K、Mg、Al、Fe及Zn等6物種最多，而郊區則以Na、K、Mg、Al、Ca、Fe及Zn等為主要物種。交通源及都會區大氣PM2.5及PM2.5-10上所測之19項物種各存在成分(fraction)之濃度皆以S最高，而郊區則以Si最高。交通源、都會區及郊區大氣PM2.5及PM2.5-10上所測各物種存在成分含量大小之順序皆依序為：不穩定成分>酸雨成分>水溶性成分>生物有效性成分。
由於交通源路旁大氣粗細微粒上金屬之濃度均約為都會區測值之2倍，且交通源大氣粗細微粒上Zn、Mn、Ni及Pb等金屬每日之吸收量(Daily Respiratory Uptakes,簡稱DRU)均較都會區之值高，顯示:在交通源區，隨微粒吸入人體之金屬，其對人體健康之危害可能較都會區大。

關鍵字

懸浮微粒 ； 不穩定性成分 ； 酸雨成分 ； 水溶性成分 ； 生物有效性成分 ； 每日吸入金屬吸收量

並列摘要

This study investigated total, labile, acid-rain, water-soluble, and bioaccessible fractions of metals in atmospheric particles collected at three sites. Coarse (PM2.5-10) and fine (PM2.5) particle samplings were performed using UAS during March 17-19 and September 3-5, 2007 beside a busy road (traffic site) and at the roof of a three-story building at the Chungcheng Elementary School (urban site) in the Pintung City. Furthermore, a continuous 3-day atmospheric PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 sampling, was conducted using Dichot from December 30, 2007 to January 1, 2008 at the roof of three-story Department of Environmental Engineering (rural site), National Pingtung University of Science and Technology.
The results show that the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 at the traffic site were 1.7 and 2.6 times higher than those at the urban site, respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio at the urban site (0.80 ± 0.04) was higher than that at the traffic site (0.72 ± 0.03). The coarse and fine particle concentrations at the urban and traffic sites were lower after raining when compared to the corresponding data on sunny days. In 2007, because of the impact of Asian dust storm, the coarse and fine particle concentrations at the rural site in December were higher than those at the urban and traffic sites in September and March. However, the increase of coarse particle concentration was significantly higher than that of fine particle concentration; therefore, the PM2.5/PM10 ratio at the rural (0.59±0.01) in December, 2007 was lower than those at the urban and traffic sites.
Among 17 analyzed metals, the main metal species in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 at both the traffic and urban sites were Na, K, Mg, Al, Fe, and Zn, while the dominate species at the rural site were Na, K, Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, and Zn. According to the nineteen-species composition analysis, the most abundant element in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 at both urban and traffic sites was S. However, the major species of atmospheric particles was Si at the rural site. For the metals in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 at the three sites, the metal fraction concentrations exhibited the order of labile fraction > acid-rain fraction > water-soluble fraction > bioaccessible fraction.
The metal concentrations of coarse and fine particles at the traffic site were about 2 times that of the urban site. Furthermore, the Daily Respiratory Uptakes (DRU) of Zn, Mn, Ni, and Pb from traffic coarse and fine particles were all higher than those of urban background, indicating that the adverse health effect form the inhalation of traffic-related particle-bound metals is higher in the near-traffic location than in the urban site.

並列關鍵字

PM ； Labile fraction ； Acid-rain fraction ； Water-soluble fraction ； Bioaccessible fraction ； Daily Respiratory Uptakes (DRU)

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