香澤蘭Chromolaena odorata 天敵—香澤蘭燈蛾 Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata 檢疫室內生活史及寄主專一性探討

Life History and Host Specificity of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata on Chromolaena odorata in Quarantine Laboratory

田巴諾(Amadou Thiombiano)

指導教授 ： 張念台 ； 賴博永

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2008.00260

摘要

本研究旨在探討食葉性蛾類--香澤香澤蘭燈蛾(Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata)--在入侵雜草香澤蘭(Chromolaena odorata(L.))上的生活史，並評估其寄主專一性。香澤蘭燈蛾的幼期可分為卵、六齡的幼蟲期、前蛹與蛹期。香澤蘭燈蛾的五齡至六齡幼蟲在取食香澤蘭的效率上，觀察得知每隻幼蟲平均可消耗34% 到97% 的葉面積。香澤蘭燈蛾的生殖力受溫度變化的影響，在24、28及32℃下，每隻雌蟲的平均產卵數分別為217.2、284.6和129.2粒。本研究並對香澤蘭燈蛾進行寄主取食量與偏好兩試驗，不同齡期幼蟲取食不同生長期的葉片試驗，結果顯示香澤蘭燈蛾幼蟲與對香澤蘭的取食量關係交互影響。葉片取食量最高的是在28℃下實驗三 (T3，六齡幼蟲在不同年齡植物上)的第二天，每隻幼蟲的每日葉面積取食量達32.47 cm2 (96.93%)。相對的，葉片取食量最低是在32℃下實驗一(T1，五齡幼蟲在相同年齡植物上)的第一天，每隻幼蟲的日葉面積消耗量僅9.69 cm2 (28.93%)。香澤蘭燈蛾的寄主偏好性測試則顯示，比起霍香薊(P2)、紫花藿香薊(P3)和台灣澤蘭(P4))等其他植物種類，香澤蘭燈蛾幼蟲對香澤(P1)的取食量最多。在24、28及32℃下，每隻幼蟲對P1的的日取食量分別為4.82、4.52和4.53 cm2，對P2葉片的日取食量分別為1.96、2.29和2.13 cm2，對P3葉片的日取食量分別為2.73、2.83和2.89 cm2，而對P4葉片的取食量則分別為2.13、3.13和2.66 cm2。基於上述結果得知，在香澤蘭適合的生長條件下，香澤蘭燈蛾對其取食抑制的表現亦佳。因此，香澤蘭燈蛾不但是有效的生物防治天敵，且若釋放其將能大幅抑制此入侵雜草。但在確定施放至台灣受危害區域前，建議應先進行此食葉性燈蛾對香澤蘭的田間試 驗。

關鍵字

香澤蘭 ； 台灣 ； 香澤蘭燈蛾 ； 生活史 ； 寄主專一性

並列摘要

This study was aimed at determining the life history and evaluating the host specificity of the leaf-feeding moth, Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros on Siam weed Chromolaena odorata (L.). The immature stages of P. pseudoinsulata could be divided into egg, 6 discernable larval instars as well as pre-pupal and pupal stages. The efficiency of P. pseudoinsulata feeding on C. odorata from 5th to 6th instar was observed with a mean consumption by each larva ranging from 28 to 97% of leaf area. The fecundity of P. pseudoinsulata was affected by the variation of temperatures, and the mean number of laid eggs was 217.2, 284.6 and 129.2 eggs per female at 24, 28 and 32ºC, respectively. Two host specificity tests of P. pseudoinsulata were carried out. The results of consumption on C. odorata test showed mutual interference among P. pseudoinsulata caterpillars. The amount of leaf consumed was dominant in Treatment 3 (T3, the 6th instar larvae on plants with different age) and at 28ºC with leaf area damage 32.47 cm2/larva/day. However, the lowest consumption was observed in T1 (the 5th instar larvae on same age plants) and at 32ºC with leaf area consumed 9.69 cm2/larva/day, 28.93 %. Host preference of P. pseudoinsulata on C. odorata (P1) and other plants species, Ageratum conyzoides L. (P2), Ageratum houstonianum Mill (P3) and Eupatorium formosanum Hay (P4) showed that P. pseudoinsulata larvae are more effective the greatest amount on feeding C. odorata than other plants species. Under 24, 28 and 32ºC, it was 4.82, 4.52 and 4.53 cm2/larva/day for P1, 1.96, 2.29 and 2.13 cm2 /larva/day for P2, 2.73, 2.83 and 2.89 cm2 /larva/day for P3 and 2.13, 3.13 and 2.66 cm2/larva/day for P4, respectively. Based on these results under favorable conditions for the growth of C. odorata, P. pseudoinsulata performed well. Therefore, the release of this natural enemy will serve as an effective biological control and greatly reduce the invasive weeds in Taiwan. However, field experiment of this leaf-feeding moth on C. odorata is suggested before its definitive release into infested areas of Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

biological control ； Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata ； life history ； host specificity ； Chromolaena odorata

參考文獻

King, R. M. and H. Robinson. 1970. Studies of the genus Chromolaena in the Eupatoriae (compositae). Phytologia 20: 196-209.

Peng, C. I. and K. C. Yang. 1998. Unwelcome naturalization of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) in Taiwan. J. Appl. Entomol 43: 289-294.

Ahmad, M., M. L. Thakur. 1991. Biology and host specificity of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata (Lepidoptera: Arctlidae). Indian Forester 177: 193-199.

publications /factbook/geos/us.html.

Beckie, H. J. and I. N. Morrison. 1993. Effect of ethalfluralin and other herbicides on trifluralin-resistant green foxtail (setaria viridis). Weed Technol. 7: 6-14.