十字盾鞭蠍之求偶行為及精子傳遞研究

雖然同屬於蛛形綱，針對分布在臺灣本島、離島及日本南西諸島屬蛛形綱：有鞭目：鞭蠍科的十字盾鞭蠍Typopeltis crucifer Pocock, 1894所進行之研究，比起蛛形綱蜘蛛目的其他節肢動物實受到極少的關注。本研究目的係對十字盾鞭蠍之求偶行為及精子傳遞進行觀察，詳予記錄其行為順序及時間，並將之與前人研究所記載之鞭蠍求偶行為及精子傳遞進行比較與討論。相較於過去單純對於鞭蠍進行求偶行為及精子傳遞觀察之敘述及描述，本研究以紅外線攝影機進行全程錄影記錄，將十字盾鞭蠍之求偶行為分為「接觸階段」與「求偶階段」，並將精子傳遞過程分為「製精莢階段」與「傳遞階段」二者合計共四個階段，並對每一階段予以詳細定義及描述。經過觀察分析，雄鞭蠍之求偶及精子傳遞行為可細分成21項，本研究並以流程圖說明十字盾鞭蠍求偶行為及精子傳遞過程，再以時間軸說明21項行為中各行為發生之時間點。本研究之配對觀察，首次記錄了求偶過程中雄性十字盾鞭蠍的搖尾鞭行為，以及雌性十字盾鞭蠍在求偶階段進入製精莢階段時第一對步足之扭轉狀態。另外也首度發現除了雄鞭蠍會於求偶結束後在雌鞭蠍第一對步足前端造成缺刻之求偶記號外，求偶結束後，雌鞭蠍生殖板上可能會出現「/ 」之刮痕的第二種求偶記號。除此之外，本研究亦對「鉗制行為」的重要性、「貯精囊接收」的方法及「第一對步足固定」等行為及機制加以討論。

關鍵字

行為；形態；求偶；精子傳遞；鞭蠍

並列摘要

Research on whip scorpions, Typopeltis crucifer Pocock, 1894 (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonidae) only gains little attention compared with spiders, which are also arachnids but in the order Araneae. The purpose of this study is to observe the courtship behavior and sperm transfer of T. crucifer, and then record the specific timing and behavioral sequence. The data is then analyzed and discussed by comparing with the previous related dissertations. In the previous studies, most of the processes of courtship behavior and sperm transfer of whip scorpions were simply literary description. This study recorded the whole mating process of whip scorpions via infrared video recorder, detailedly classified courtship behavior into “contact phase” and “courtship phase”, and sperm transfer into “spermatophore produce phase” and “transfer phase”, a total of four phases. By analyzing the behavior of male whip scorpions, it can be divided into 21 behaviors. This study presented the courtship behavior and sperm transfer by using flow diagram and timeline. This study first recorded “flagellum waving” behavior of male whip scorpion and the twisted status of the female’s antenniform legs during the process of courtship behavior and sperm transfer. This study also discovered the second “mating marks” of the female whip scorpion that might appear on the genital plate after mating. The importance of “clamp” behavior, the method that sperm sacs are transferred and the mechanism of male whip scorpion holding female’s antenniform legs during mating are discussed in this study.

並列關鍵字

behavior ； courtship ； morphology ； sperm transfer ； whip scorpion

參考文獻

郭冠群 (2013) 台灣產十字盾鞭蠍（蛛形綱：有鞭目：鞭蠍科）的生物學 [Biology of whip scorpion Typopeltis crucifer (Arachnida:Uropygi: Thelyphonidae) in Taiwan][摘要 Abstract]。國立中興大學生命科學系所碩士論文，2016年2月8日公開全文（系統識別編號：U0005-0602201309404000）。2013年7月8日，取自「中興大學電子學位論文服務」：http://etds.lib.nchu.edu.tw/etdservice/view_metadata?etdun=U0005-0602201309404000

Rowland, J.M. and J.A.L. Cooke (1973) Systematics of the arachnid order Uropygida (=Thelyphonida). The Journal of Arachnology. 1:55-71.

Burton, M. and R. Burton (2001) International wildlife encyclopedia. 3rd ed. Marshall Cavendish. 14:1906.

Lichtenstein, A.A.H. (1796) Catalogus musei zoologici ditissimi Hamburgi. Sectio Tertia. Continens Insecta. 3:85.

吉倉真 (1966) 日本産サソリモドキの研究 [The biology of a whip scorpion，Typopeltis stimpsonii (Wood)]。熊本大学教護部紀要自然科学編 1:31-70。

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十字盾鞭蠍之求偶行為及精子傳遞研究

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