綠屋頂草坪交播天人菊及松葉牡丹之建立與景觀潛力評估

Establishment and landscape potential evaluation of green roof turf over-seeded with Gaillardia pulchella and Portulaca grandiflora

魏汛益(Xun-Yih Wei)

指導教授 ： 謝清祥 ； 陳光堯

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00013

摘要

對於現今社會而言，景觀不僅僅可提供美觀，更可以紓解生活壓力。草坪因可提供大量的綠色元素而被廣泛的運用在開放空間。交播法是將冷季草種之種子撒播於暖季草坪上用來改善暖季草坪因冬季休眠而造成的黃化以及景觀上的不足。本實驗共進行三試驗：(1)育苗盤交播試驗 (2)屋頂試驗及 (3)第二次育苗盤交播試驗以測試及評估利用草坪交播草花提升景觀潛力。育苗盤試驗為交播四種不同播種量(1g, 2g, 3g 及4/m2)之天人菊與松葉牡丹於臺北草及海雀稗草坪上，並選出合適播種量用於屋頂試驗上。育苗盤交播試驗結果:CK(無草坪)與兩種草坪上交播1g/m2的天人菊的葉面積是全部處理中表現最高的54.6, 38.7及34.7cm2；而這些高葉面積處理的覆蓋率卻是四個播種量裡面最低62.7%, 72%及64.7%。在育苗盤試驗中，天人菊1g/m2的生長評估特性在各播種量中表現最佳。天人菊的景觀潛力評估中，花徑大小與色彩比例在各個處理間差異不大，而開花數可由CK1g/m2的17.3朵到交播海雀稗處理的38.3朵。但是在交播的松葉牡丹與CK相比之下，顯得相當的小及生長不良，在CK(無草坪)處理下，松葉牡丹的景觀潛力評估出現了7個花色，22-39平均花朵數，花的大小也來到3.8-4.3公分，並且有高於35%的色彩比例。反觀交播之松葉牡丹只呈現1-2種花色，1-1.5平均花朵數，花的大小也只有1.3-2.5公分，而色彩比例只呈現了1%。屋頂實驗為利用交播0.5g及1g/m2的天人菊與松葉牡丹與兩種灌溉頻度組合試驗(每週給水一次實驗及兩週給水一次實驗)。每次給水至飽和含水量即停止。在播種後的第70天，兩週給水一次實驗的臺北草坪幾乎黃化及乾枯，而交播的天人菊與松葉牡丹也大多枯死；覆蓋率也由原本CK的97%，0.5g/m2的85.7%及1g/m2的81.3%降至0%, 11.7%及0%。在屋頂試驗上的天人菊與育苗盤試驗相比，生長速度慢了許多，比較兩實驗在生長至少90天後的株高，屋頂實驗的天人菊只有8公分，而育苗盤試驗的天人菊至少達到16公分。兩個海雀稗灌溉試驗在播種後的40天後就全數黃化及乾枯。臺北草的少水實驗區在播種後的70-150天之間，施用鐵甲砷酸銨來進行病害防治，覆蓋率可由原本將近0%回復到70%。在屋頂試驗給水實驗(一星期澆水一次)下，臺北草與交播的草花呈現穩定生長。在第二次育苗盤交播試驗中，天人菊的生長與發芽率與第一次試驗相比差異不大，而交播的松葉牡丹呈現與第一次試驗截然不同的發芽率。在第二次育苗盤交播試驗中，0.5g/m2與1g/m2播種量的松葉牡丹都有78%及71%的發芽率。而開花數(4.2及4.6)及色彩比(4.9%及7%)都高於育苗盤試驗。分析兩次試驗結果，在交播後覆蓋上一層砂能有助於細小種子生長，並改善較低發芽率及生長還有景觀潛力。綜合試驗結果：草坪交播草花有可行性，如在綠屋頂的環境下，至少要維持一星期一次的灌溉。天人菊作為綠屋頂用草花有其可行性，萌芽至開花期較長，但可終年開花。選用如松葉牡丹此類較為細小的種子為交播材料時，在交播後鋪上一層細沙不僅可以促進萌芽，還可改進生長。

關鍵字

交播 ； 臺北草 ； 海雀稗 ； 天人菊 ； 松葉牡丹 ； 景觀潛力

並列摘要

For today’s society beautiful landscape is an important element to alleviate pressure. Turf has being extensively used for open spaces because it provides green elements to the landscape. Over-seeding is a method to improve landscape of warm-season turf grasses while it start yellowing in the winter. Three parts of experiment were conducted: (1) Seedling tray experiments (2) Roof irrigation experiment (3) second seedling tray evaluation. Two herbaceous flowers seeds: fire-wheel (Gaillardia pulchella) and moss-rose (Portulaca grandiflora Hook.) over-seeded on Zoysia tenuifolia and Paspalum vaginatum turf were tested to evaluate the feasibility of enhancing landscape scene. Four sowing rates (1, 2, 3 and 4 g/m2) were applied and growth performance were compared with the check (CK). Fire-wheel 1g/m2 showed highest fire-wheel leaf area (54.6, 38.7 and 34.7 cm2) of CK as well as two over-seeded (Zoysia and Paspalum ) treatments. However, these treatments with higher leaf area showed lower coverage rate which were 62.7%, 72.0% and 64.7%, respectively. For seedling tray experiment, overall 1g/m2 showed better growth than other sowing rates. Moss-rose showed poorly and tiny growth in over-seeding method. CK treatment showed significant better growth than those over-seeded. Moss-rose CK treatment showed 7 colors, 22-39 flowers, bigger flower size (3.8-4.3 cm) and above 35% (35-49) color ratio which was much better than two over-seeded moss-rose. Over-seeded moss-rose showed 1to 2 colors, 1to 1.5flowers and tiny flower size (1.3~2.5 cm), 1% color ratio. Roof experiments were two irrigation programs (frequent water: irrigate once per week and reduced water: irrigate once per two weeks) combined with over-seeded 0.5g and 1g herbaceous flower treatments on Zoysia and Paspalum turfs. Fire-wheel and moss-rose showed yellowing and dried in reduce water treatment at 70 days after sowing. Coverage rates of turf started from 97%, 85.7% and 81.3% then declined to 0%, 11.7% and 0% of CK, 0.5g and 1g/m2 reduce water treatments. Over-seeded Pasaplum turf treatments also showed yellowing and dried in two irrigation treatments at 40 day after sowing. Zoysia turf kept growing in reduce water treatment until 150 days after sowing with the help of irrigation and fungicide application, of Zoysia turfs recovered from almost 0% to 70% coverage rate. Second seedling tray experiments showed better moss-rose germination rate in over-seeding method. Moss-rose showed 78% and 71% germination rate of 0.5g and 1g/m2 over-seeded on Zoysia turfs which were higher than first seedling tray experiment (10~18%). Landscape potential evaluation also showed better performance than first seedling tray experiments. Number of flowers (4.2 and 4.6) and color ratio (4.9 and 7%) from 0.5g and 1g/m2 treatments showed higher than first seedling tray experiments. When conducting over-seeding, medium covered with a layer sands after sowing was the major factor which improved low germination rate, poor growth and landscape potential. Combining the results of experiments, over-seeding fire-wheel showed better growth better in green roof turf and irrigation once a week was better for turf and herbaceous plants growth. Two seedling tray experiments showed difference in growth on over-seeded moss-rose. However, covered a layer of sand after over-seeded can better improved tiny seeds germination and growth.

並列關鍵字

over-seeding ； Zoysia tenuifolia ； Paspalum ； fire-wheel ； moss-rose ； landscape potential

參考文獻

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