以地景生態探討林後四林森林園區土地利用型態之變遷及其對生物多樣性的影響

Using Landscape Ecology to Understand Changing Patterns of Land Use in Linhousilin Forest Park, and its Effects on the Biodiversity

劉宣甫(Hsuan-Fu Liu)

指導教授 ： 陳朝圳 ； 陳建璋

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/森林系所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00178

摘要

林後四林森林園區位於屏東縣，為林務局於2002年所建，其設立目的為營造大武山低海拔生態系；至目前為止由於平地造林所帶來的林木覆蓋，亦導致區域性的地景變遷，進而對生物相造成影響。本研究目的為分析林後四林森林園區地景變遷的情況，探討其對生物多樣性之影響及形成生態廊道的可能性。建立2002年、2005年、2011年及2014年土地利用類型圖層，以IPCC (2006) 所訂之土地利用類型，進行分類將土地利用類型分出草地、農田、林地、濕地、定居地及其他土地共六類土地利用類型；利用不同期土地利用類型之面積變遷及地景指數之計算，探討土地利用變遷與地景結構變化；藉由移動成本法計算物種最小成本路徑及其引力值，以探討淺山地區與林後四林森林園區間連結性的變化；最後計算林後四林森林園區內動物的Shannon's多樣性指數與Simpson指數，探討林後四林森林園區完成造林後生物多樣性改變。研究結果顯示，林後四林森林園區地利用型之面積以農田與林地比例最高；草地與農田的面積逐期降低；林地的面積有明顯增加的趨勢。主因為2005年至2012年間草地與農田皆轉移至林地，草地與農地共有2,571.34 ha轉移至林地，轉移面積佔研究樣區中的22.57%。在地景結構方面，由於林後四林森林園區內之農田轉移變林地，淺山地區與林後四林森林園區之林地嵌塊體產生鏈結，形成生態廊道，以引力模型(Gravity model)的變化得知，林後四林森林園區與淺山地區的交互作用逐漸增加，其代表生態廊道的功能逐漸增強。雖然目前林後四林森林園區生物多樣性指數未明顯增加，但推測未來林分逐漸鬱閉後，生物多樣性將提高。

關鍵字

林後四林森林園區 ； 地景生態 ； 生物多樣性 ； 最小成本路徑 ； 引力模型

並列摘要

Linhousilin Forest Park located at Pingtung County which built in 2002 by the Forestry Bureau, the objective was to create a low elevation ecosystem from Mt Tawum. At present, the plain afforestation in this area increase forest cover area which impact on the landscape change and local biota. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the process variation of landscape in Linhousilin Forest Park, explore its impact on local biodiversity and the possibility of ecological corridors. The land use layers in 2002, 2005, 2012 and 2014 were used to classify as forest land, cropland, grassland, wetlands, settlements and other land according by the land-use definition of IPCC (2006). The area and metrics of landscape in different period were used to analyze the effects of land use change and variation of landscape in passing period. Furthermore, calculating all species in area of least-cost path and its gravity model via cost surface for estimate the change of connectivity between Linhousilin Forest Park and lower elevation mountains. And use biodiversity index to study the impact on biodiversity of plain afforestation at Linhousilin Forest Park. The results showed that the largest area are cropland and forest land; the grassland were decreased, however, the forest land area were gradually increased in Linhousilin Forest Park. The reason may cause by grass land and cropland area (2,571.34 ha) reduced to transforming into forest land in total during 2005 to 2012 which area account the Linhousilin Forest Park for 22.57%. In the landscape structure change analysis, the cropland were gradually transferred to forest land in this area, which lead to ecological corridors formed between Linhousilin Forest Park and low elevation mountains. The variation of gravity model showed that the interaction between Linhousilin Forest Park and low elevation mountains were gradually increased, it means the function of ecological corridors has increased. Nevertheless, biodiversity index does not significantly improve in this time, we speculates that when artificial forest are getting mature, the biodiversity in Linhousilin Forest Park will getting richer in the future.

並列關鍵字

Linhousilin Forest Park ； Landscape ecology ； Biodiversity ； Least-cost path ； Gravity model

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