施用生物炭及聚丙烯醯胺對土壤性質與沖蝕潛勢之影響

Effects of Applying Biochar and Polyacryamide on Soil Properties and Erosion Potential

王重棋(Chung-Chi Wang)

指導教授 ： 簡士濠

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/水土保持系所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00232

摘要

生物炭(Biochar)已被提出可作為顯著改善劣化土壤性質之資材。然而，生物炭於防治坡耕地土壤沖蝕潛勢上仍需更進一步的研究結果證實。本研究擬使用木質生物炭，同時並搭配堆肥使用，且與目前普遍用於防治土壤流失之聚丙烯醯胺(polyacrylamide, PAM)，分別現地施用於台灣地區南部一高度風化坡耕地土壤中。現地施用各改良資材約11個月後，比較各資材對該土壤物化性質與土壤沖蝕潛勢之影響。試驗期間，於施用資材2個月後，採集各處理土壤，於溫室種植油菜，於1個月後收穫，並評估各資材處理對油菜產量及氮利用效率之影響。試驗共分堆肥 1%(C)、生物炭 2, 4%(B2, B4)、PAM 10, 50 ppm(P10, P50)、混合處理為生物炭2, 4%與堆肥1%(CB2, CB4)及控制組(CK)；沖蝕試驗中最佳處理為P50，噴灑PAM後相較CK可顯著降低約30%沖蝕量。化學性質分析上，混合處理CB4相較CK於pH提高了1.0個單位，且增加了1.6 g kg-1有機碳量；物理性質上可降低14%總體密度，提升8%孔隙率，為最可改善紅壤理化性質之處理。單生物炭處理B4則具最高顯著水準，於提升油菜氮利用效率可達22倍。

關鍵字

生物炭 ； 聚丙烯醯胺 ； 堆肥 ； 土壤沖蝕

並列摘要

Biochar is recently being highlighted as a soil amendment, it derived from biomass and is a pyrolysis byproduct at a relatively low temperature with lower oxygen supply. Polyacrylamide because of the properties of different molecular weight and charge density, which has variety of products, it could select the appropriate PAM for different soil. Added compost in soil could provid nutrients to plants and crop, also improve soil quality. This Study aims to apply different soil amendment in red soil for 11 months to analysis physicochemical properties of each treatment, conducted in the field of soil erosion test and rape seedlings in a pot experiment to evaluate effect of yields and nutrient absorption. Eight treatments were performed in this study including control, compost 1%, biochar 2 and 4%, PAM 10 and 50 ppm and co-applying with compost 1% and biochar 2 and 4%. After 11 month of incubated, PAM could effectively reduce about 30% of soil erosion. Co-applying treatment could most significant improve the physicochemical properties of red soil, such as improved 1 unit of pH and 1.6 g kg-1 of organic carbon, it may also reduce soil bulk density by 14%. Pure biochar 4% increased 22 times of nitrogen use compared with CK.

並列關鍵字

biochar ； polyacrylamide ； compost ； soil erosion

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