不同坡度與雨量條件下之被覆資材抗沖蝕探討

Erodibility of Mulching Materials in different Slope and Rainfall Conditions

陳婷婷(Ting-Ting Chen)

指導教授 ： 許中立

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/水土保持系所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00262

摘要

本研究藉由植生工程中常見之網毯類被覆資材為試驗材料，探討於不同降雨強度(40mm/hr及80mm/hr)與不同坡度(25°、35°、45°)的情況下所造成土壤之沖蝕情形。由於網毯類被覆資材具有防止表土流失、增進透氣性和保水性等的能力，並可配合各種水土保持及綠化工程施作，藉由選擇不同被覆資材達到防止雨滴直接打擊地表造成飛濺，避免土壤、種子甚至於肥份的流失，進而達到防止土壤沖刷與提升環境綠化的目的，同時增加地表粗糙度使地表逕流流速減緩。試驗結果顯示日本多功能資材公司研發的鋪網抗沖蝕性較佳，於本研究的試驗範圍與條件幾乎無沖蝕產生，但臺灣常用的植生棉毯與加勁椰纖網毯也不遑多讓。若能再搭配其它坡地水土保持處理與維護措施，相信應可將所產生的沖蝕量體予以攔截下來，讓坡地環境恢復的更快且使不利的影響降低。

關鍵字

被覆資材 ； 人工降雨器 ； 抗沖蝕試驗

並列摘要

In this study, we used the mulching materials often seen in vegetation engineering works as test materials to examine their resistance to the erosion caused by various rainfall intensities (40mm/hr and 80mm/hr) and slopes (25º,35ºand45º). Mulching materials are capable of preventing topsoil erosion and increasing topsoil permeability and water retention. These mulching materials can be selected for various soil and water conservation and greening projects to protect the direct damage to the topsoil caused by raindrops, preventing the outflow of soil, seeds, and even fertilizer. This prevents soil erosion, enhances environmental greening, and increases surface roughness, thus slowing surface runoff velocity. The test results indicate that the meshes developed by a Japanese multifunctional materials company had the best erosion resistance. Virtually no erosion occurred within the test range of this study. However, the vegetation blanket and coconut fiber reinforcement mat t commonly used in Taiwan are in no way inferior. If paired with other slope water and soil conservation methods, we believe that this amount of erosion could be held off, and thus help slope environments recover more quickly while reducing adverse effects.

並列關鍵字

Mulching materials ； Artificial rainfall simulator ； Erodibility testing

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