臺灣產防己科形態特徵及形成層變異

Morphological Characteristics and Cambial Variants in Menispermaceae in Taiwan

陳柏豪(Po-Hao Chen)

指導教授 ： 楊勝任

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/森林系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

臺灣產防己科常以葉部形態做為鑑定之依據，但有些類群中葉部形態較相似，未開花結果則不易鑑定。過去尚未對防己科之內果皮、莖部橫切面及攀爬類型做描述，本研究目的為探討臺灣產防己科植物之葉、雄花、雌花、果實、內果皮及莖部橫切面的特徵，供鑑定分類之使用。於2012–2015年間，在臺灣進行野外採集樣本，共計採集到16種，其中，毛錫生藤為新紀錄種。結果顯示防己科花期集中在3–8月。習性部分樟葉木防己為唯一灌木，其他皆為藤本植物，藤本植物之攀爬類型為主莖纏繞右旋。錫生藤屬為新紀錄屬。研究中發現毛錫生藤與蘭嶼土防己之葉部形態很相似，將毛錫生藤鑑定成蘭嶼土防己，且在過去20年繪製為蘭嶼土防己之手繪圖。毛錫生藤與蘭嶼土防己之最大差異在於毛錫生藤的雄花花瓣連合成盤狀及具葉狀苞的雌花序。修正木防己屬與細圓藤屬的花藥應屬於縱裂。果實部分，恆春青牛膽柱頭痕跡為近頂部，其內果皮形狀為平直形。其餘有觀察到果的柱頭痕跡為近基部，其內果皮形狀為馬蹄形。莖部橫切面之形成層變異中，樟葉木防己為連續形成層，木防己具有平板木質部以及塊狀木質部，其餘14種則為平板木質部。土防己屬植物的並生維管束均因為薄壁組織增生作用發育出1–3個條狀裂。木防己的並生維管束與寬射線最長，臺灣土防己並生維管束與寬射線最寬，漢防己導管密度最高。並生維管束的數量可作為鑑定的參考。本研究特別針對臺灣產防己科的莖部橫切面形成層變異做說明，有助於防己科的鑑定。

關鍵字

形成層變異 ； 毛錫生藤 ； 內果皮 ； 主莖纏繞右旋 ； 平板木質部

並列摘要

The species identification in the family Menispermaceae is generally on the basis of the leaves shape, but some genera of the this family are similar in leaf shape, and it is not easy to identify correctly if the reproductive organs are lacking. In the past, the lack of characteristics of endocarps, stem transverse sections, and climbing modes in Menispermaceae, the purpose of this study was to investigate characters of the leaves, male and female flowers, fruits, endocarps, and the anomalous structure of stems to facilitate identification. During 2012 to 2015, a total of 16 species of Menispermaceae were collected, including one newly recorded species, Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (DC.) Forman. The results show that the flowering period of Taiwan Menispermaceae is from March to August. In the habits, Cocculus laurifolius DC. is a shrub and the remaining 15 species are climber. The climbing modes of all the investigated species are twining and dextrorse stems. The genus Cissampelos is a newly recorded genus in Taiwan and this newly recorded species, Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta, is described and illustrated. The study suggested that the leaves of
Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta and Cyclea insularis (Makino) Hatusima are similar in shape, resulting in identifying both as the same species and the latter was the line-drawing materials in the past 20 years. Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta can be differentiated from Cyclea insularis by the characteristics of the petals of staminate flowers are united into patelliform, and by comparing the bracts of pistillate infructescence in the former species. The anther split of the genera Cocculus and Pericampylus are revised as longitudinal. In the fruit parts, the style scar of Tinospora dentata Diels is apical, and the endocarp is straight in shape, and those of the remaining 13 species are basal and endocarps are horseshoe in shape. The anomalous structure of the stem comprised successive cambia in Cocculus laurifolius, a combination of xylem in plates and dissected xylem in Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC., and xylem in plates in the remaining 14 species. In the genus Cyclea, parenchyma proliferation from the secondary xylem resulted in the development of 1–3 linear lobes in each collateral vascular bundle. Cocculus orbiculatus had the longest collateral vascular bundles, longest rays and widest rays. Cyclea ochiaiana had the widest collateral vascular bundles. Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder & E. H. Wils. had the highest vessel density. Our findings highlight new anatomical characteristics for species identification in the Menispermaceae in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

anomalous structure ； Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta ； endocarp ； twining stem-dextrorse ； xylem in plates

參考文獻

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