以CMB受體模式解析高屏地區交通路口PM上水溶性離子之研究

Study of water-soluble ions in PM by the application of CMB receptor model in the crossroads in Kao-Ping Area

葉振元(Chen-Yuan Yeh)

指導教授 ： 謝連德

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2010.00004

摘要

歷年來在國內外應用化學質量平衡(Chemical Mass Balance, CMB)受體模式已行之有年，也常用於各類空氣污染來源之解析。本研究採用CMB 7.0版，採集高屏地區交通路口PM(particulate matter)上水溶性離子，與蒐集之指紋資料庫比對並解析污染來源。數據引用洪(2006)，許（2008），黃（2006）之實驗數據，並經彙整後進行CMB分析。
本研究使用之數據，數據之採樣時間自2004年12月~ 2005年8月止，選定屏東市、內埔鄉、麟洛鄉、萬丹鄉、高雄市中正一路、高雄市中正路人行天橋六個地點以微孔均勻沉積衝擊器(Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor, MOUDI)進行大氣微粒PM2.5及PM2.5-10的採樣，並以離子層析儀(Ion Chromatography ,IC,Dionex-120)分析水溶性陰陽離子成份及以感應耦合電漿光學發射光譜儀(Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer,ICP-OES)分析金屬成份，再利用（CMB）受體模式解析微粒的污染來源及貢獻量。
以化學質量平衡（CMB）受體模式分析法推估的結果指出：在採樣比對結果中，屏科大測點、萬丹郊區與屏東市測點三個採樣點大多為交通排放、道路揚塵、海鹽飛沫及硫酸銨與硝酸鹽，少數污染源為工業排放、營建工程、農廢燃燒。推測交通污染源為此處常見之主要污染，而工業排放來源應為附近之工業區，但有三處監測站採樣數據與指紋資料庫比對並未符合，建議增加本區污染來源之指紋資料庫，以提高比對之準確性。

關鍵字

離子層析儀 ； 受體模式 ； 海鹽飛沫 ； 硫酸銨 ； 硝酸鹽

並列摘要

CMB(Chemical Mass Balance) has been applied in Taiwan and other countries for many years and has often been applied to the analysis on all kinds of contributory sources of air pollution. In this research, the researcher adopted CMB 7.0 to analyze the data of water-soluble ionic species in PM (particulate matter) collected at specific main intersections in Kao-Ping Area. Moreover, the researcher compared the fingerprint database with the samples to reveal their pollution resources. The data were quoted from the experiment of Hong , Hsu ,Hwang (2006,2008,2006) and analyzed by way of CMB.
The PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 data quoted in this research were collected in the ambient air of six sampling sites (that is, in NPUST, Wandan, Linluo, Pingdung city, Chungcheng Rd., and Chungcheng overpass Kaohsiung) by using a MOUDI (Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor, MOUDI) sampler from December 2004 to August 2005. Using IC (Ion Chromatography, IC，Dionex-120) and ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer, ICP-OES) to investigate the characteristics of water-soluble ionic species and metals of particulate matters from the sampling sites. Then CMB was used to analyze the sources and contribution of polluted particulates.
Results show that the vehicle exhausts, dusts, sea salt spray, (NH4)2SO4 and NO3- were predominant at NPUST, Wandan and Pingtung city site. The minor sources were from industry emissions, dust during constructions and burning of agriculture waste. It was estimated that the vehicle exhaust is the major contributory source in Kao-Ping Area. The industry emission was mainly from nearby industrial parks. However, the data collected in the other three sampling sites didn't match the fingerprint database. It was suggested that the data in the fingerprint database of this area should be enlarged to enforce the precision of identification.

並列關鍵字

IC ； CMB ； Sea salt spray ； (NH4)2SO4 ； NO3-

參考文獻

中華民國環境保護統計年報，2007，行政院環境保護署，第1-2頁。

Barker, D. R. and Diana, L. M. ,1974, 「Simple Method for Fitting Data When Both Variables Have Uncertainties,」 The American Journal of Physics, Vol. 42, pp. 224-226 ,

Carmichael, G. R. ,1996, 「Seasonal Variation of Aerosol Composition at Cheju, Korea,」 Atmospheric Environment 30, pp.2407-2416.

Chen, K. S., Lin, C. F. and Chou, Y. M., 2001,「Determination of Source Contributions to Ambient PM2.5 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Using a Receptor Model,」 Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vol. 51, pp. 489-498.

Chio, C. P., Cheng, M. T. and Wang, C. F. ,2004, 「Source Apportionment to PM10 in Different Air Quality Conditions for Taichung Urban and Coastal Areas, Taiwan,」 Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, pp. 6893-6905.