利用濕式洗滌法去除廚房排放油煙廢氣中水溶性離子

Removal of water-soluble ions from cooking oil exhaust by using the wet scrubbing

賴思瑋(Sih-Wei Lai)

指導教授 ： 謝連德

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2010.00044

摘要

本研究以市售豬肉經燒烤產生之油煙廢氣作為研究對象，以自行設計之洗滌塔搭配清水及天然有機酵素進行試驗，以探討廢氣中水溶性離子特徵及該法對廢氣中水溶性離子之去除效果。

濕式洗滌試驗設施為一噴霧式洗滌塔(長30公分、寬30公分、高155公分)，處理排放廢氣6.17 m3/min，循環水量14 L/min，液氣流量比2.27 L/m3。為彌補傳統濕式洗滌技術所導致之洗滌液二次汙染缺點，本研究結合天然有機酵素處理油煙廢氣。實驗時，設定兩種燒烤溫度(180 ℃與220 ℃)搭配清水及三種稀釋倍數酵素溶液(50、100及200倍)進行油煙廢氣洗滌試驗。採樣時，實驗前及實驗後洗滌液進行採樣，而油煙廢氣中懸浮微粒物質於洗滌設備排氣尾端以石英濾紙進行樣品採集。所有樣本利用離子層析儀(Ion Chromatography；IC)分析各種離子物種之濃度。另外，石英濾紙採集之樣本，以掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope；SEM)進行探測觀察，及利用能量逸散式光譜儀(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer；EDS)進行半定量分析。實驗結果如下：

1.兩種溫度產生之油煙廢氣粒狀物水溶性離子比例分佈相似，皆以SO42-離子所占比例最高，Mg2+所占比例最低。整體而言，兩種溫度產生之油煙廢氣粒狀物水溶性離子分佈皆以SO42-、Cl-、Na+及NO3-為主要成分。

2.180℃及220℃產生之油煙廢氣中懸浮微粒經清水洗滌前後水溶性離子濃度變化發現，當溫度設定於180℃時，於清水洗滌下Cl-、SO42-、Na+及Mg2+離子有達到去除效果，去除效率依序為53.78、45.23、42.74及21.27 %。而於溫度設定220℃經清水洗滌後，NO3-、SO42-及Mg2+離子有達到去除效果，去除效率依序為5.93、33.81及100%。

3.燒烤溫度180℃及220℃產生之油煙廢氣中懸浮微粒經酵素洗滌前後水溶性離子濃度變化發現，皆以酵素稀釋200倍洗滌處理效果最佳。

4.實驗前之洗滌液及實驗後水洗塔出流洗液採集分析結果發現，當溫度180℃及220℃所產生之油煙廢氣經清水洗滌處理後，洗滌液中之水溶性離子整體而言皆有增加趨勢。

5.兩種燒烤溫度及三種稀釋倍數酵素洗滌處理後，水洗塔出流洗液中水溶性離子皆有增加趨勢，由此可知，三種稀釋倍數酵素洗滌對於油煙廢氣中氣狀水溶性離子皆具有處理效果。比較發現，燒烤溫度180℃以酵素稀釋200倍洗滌去除效果最佳，而燒烤溫度220℃以酵素稀釋100倍洗滌去除效果最佳。

6.SEM觀察發現，經高溫前處理之空白石英濾紙呈平滑纖維狀，且無任何附著物質。於兩種燒烤溫度搭配清水及三種稀釋倍數酵素溶液洗滌試驗採集之石英濾紙皆有粒徑大小及形狀不一之附著物質，其粒徑介於2.68 ~ 12.18m。EDS分析顯示，空白石英濾紙纖維測得元素有O、Si、Cu，其中又以O、Si元素為主(50.28 wt% 及46.96 wt%)；油煙廢氣經清水洗滌所產生之附著物質其測得元素為C、O、Si、Cu，其中亦以O、Si元素為主(50.6 wt%及46.3 wt%)，其分析結果與空白濾紙相似；油煙廢氣經酵素洗滌所產生之附著物質其測得元素除C、O、Si、Cu外，亦有Na、Mg、K、Ca等微量元素，其中又以Ca元素為主(1.35 ~ 9.37 wt%)。

關鍵字

洗滌 ； 酵素 ； 油煙廢氣 ； 水溶性離子

並列摘要

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of eight water soluble ionic species (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO2-, NO2-, and SO42-) in the fume exhaust during the process of roasting pork. Moreover, the removal efficiency of water soluble ionic species collected by the simulated fume exhaust was passing the self-design wetting scrubber with both bio-solution and water liquids was also investigated.

A scrubber (30cm L × 30cm W × 155cm H) was used in the present study for testing its performance on removing water soluble ionic species from a gas stream of 6.17 m3/min drawn from process of roasting pork. The scrubbing liquid had a flow rate of 6.17m3/min which is equivalent to a liquid/gas ratio of (L/G) 2.27 L/m3. During the experiment, the input pork was heated and roasted separately at two heating temperatures (180oC and 220oC). Both water and dilution bio-solution were used as scrubbing liquids (mixing ratios by 50, 100 and 200 times of dilution rates). Before and after the treatment of scrubbing liquids were collected. In addition, the quartz filter was collected in the exit from the scrubber before and after each run. The eight water soluble ionic species were analyzed using ion chromatography (IC) (Dionex DX-120 with an electrochemical detector). In addition, the quartz filters were observed by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and were also analyzed by using energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results are as following：

1.Result indicated that under the fixed input amount of pork the characteristics of water soluble species in particles in the fume exhaust was similarity when the heating temperature at both 180oC and 220oC. Most of the water soluble species in particles were SO42-, Cl-, Na+ and NO3- and percentage of SO42- was the highest among the water-soluble ions at both 180oC and 220oC.

2.The results obtained from the water scrubbing test indicate that the particulate-phase water soluble species of Cl-, SO42-, Na+ and Mg2+ removal efficiencies were 53.78, 45.23, 42.74 and 21.27 %, respectively, from 180oC. Whereas from 220oC that the removals efficiencies of NO3-, SO42- and Mg2+ were 5.93, 33.81 and 100%, respectively.

3.The results obtained from the dilution bio-solution scrubbing test (50, 100 and 200 times) indicate that the particulate-phase water soluble species removal efficiencies of 200 times test were the highest at both 180oC and 220oC.

4.The results obtained from the scrubbing liquids indicate that after the treatment concentration of water-soluble ions displayed the increase trend, by water scrubbing at both 180oC and 220oC.

5.The results obtained from the bio-solution scrubbing liquids that after the treatment concentration of water-soluble ions displayed the increase trend, by dilution bio-solution scrubbing (50, 100 and 200 times) at both 180oC and 220oC. Further, the water soluble species removal efficiencies of 200 times test were the highest at 180oC, whereas from 220oC of 100 times test was the highest.

6.Results showed that the blank quartz filters have smooth fiber surface without any particles. After different tests, all quartz filters has different sizes and shapes of particle (particle sizes ranged from 2.68 to 12.18m). EDS analysis also showed that O, Si and Cu element (O 50.28 wt% and Si 46.96 wt%) were detected on the blank quartz filters. After water scrubbing test, the particles on the quartz filters contained C, O, Si and Cu element (O 50.6 wt% and Si 46.3 wt%). This result is similar with the case in blank quartz filters. After bio-solution scrubbing test, the particles on quartz filters contained C, O, Si, Cu, Na, Mg, K and Ca elements, and the amount of Ca element was about 1.35 - 9.37 wt%.

並列關鍵字

Scrubbing ； Bio-solution ； fume ； water-soluble ions

參考文獻

謝連德，鄭復光，2009，「以靜電集塵器去除廚房排放油煙廢氣之粒狀物中水溶性離子」，第十六屆國際氣膠科技研討會論文集，台中。

張木榮，林文印，許晉源，連振廷，2008，「微波反應處理烹飪油煙多環芳香烴化合物之研究」，中華民國環境工程學會空氣污染控制技術研討會論文集，台北。

Ger, L. P., Liou, S.H., Shen, C. Y., Kao, S. J., Chen, K. T., 1992, “Risk factors of lung cancer”, J Formosan Med Assoc , 91, pp. S222-S231.

Barker, R., Jones, A. R., 1988, “Treatment of Malodorants in Air by the UV/Ozone Technique”, Ozone Science & Engineering, Vol.10, pp. 405-418.

Bruce, D., Watkins, S. M., Hengemuehle, H. L., Person, M. T., Yokoyama and Susan J. M., 1997, “Ozonation of Swine Manure Wastes to Control Odors and Reduce the Concentration of Pathogens and Toxic Fermentation Metabolites”, Ozone Science & Engineering, Vol. 19,pp. 425-437.