池上鄉山棕寮地區係位於東部海岸山脈之東側,為利吉層泥岩地區,由於易受豪雨影響而產生崩塌、地滑現象,本試驗區即為海岸山脈之崩積土所形成,89年象神颱風來襲,造成本試驗區發生大面積滑動現象。 地滑發生之原因不外乎受自然的地質構造、降雨、地下水、地震、河岸侵蝕及人為開發破壞等因素所影響。在地滑之防治上,如應用各種調查、觀測以及試驗研究,予以探討引起滑動的各種原因與究明其滑動機制後才施以適當的防治方法抑制其再發生,或將災害減至最少程度。 本文係以池上鄉山棕寮地滑地為試驗區,實施各項相關的坡地監測設施建置及定期之觀測,利用現場所收集之數據進行分析,瞭解本試驗區目前受降雨及地下水影響的狀況與可能造成之災害。綜合觀測之資料與分析結果歸納如下: 1. 由長期觀測其地層位移量為屬潛在變動等級,惟在雨季期間會提升為準確定變動等級,顯示本試驗區地層之位移量與降雨有明顯的關係。 2. 本試驗區邊坡上、中段之滑動區域屬於淺層型,滑動深度約在3至8公尺之崩積層與利吉層交界處,而位於試驗區下邊坡為屬於中至深層型滑動深度分別在19至34公尺處。且其整體崩移方向為東南方地形高處向西北方之低處崩滑,滑動區外形呈一湯匙狀,崩積層厚度從小於2公尺至最厚者可達27公尺以上。 3. 根據地下水位觀測,試驗區所施設之地表排水設施,未能有效降低地下水位,無疑增加本試驗區地層滑動之可能,建議未來可朝向立體化排水方向施設改善。 4. 綜合相關分析當累積降雨量達60mm時,為本試驗區地層位移量之注意值。 5. 由分析結果顯示,試驗區現況部份安全係數雖大於安全值,但整體上均未達規範要求標準,而於暴雨及地震狀況下有破壞之可能,顯示本試驗區仍處於不穩定之狀態。
Shanzongliao landslide located in the East of Taiwan seacoast sierra of its stratum distribution is the Lichi Formation, because it is easy to suffer the torrential rain influence to have the sliding phenomenon. The stratum of this research region is covered by the seacoast sierra soil , period this causes this area have big area sliding phenomenon. The landslide has the reason nothing more than the natural geologic structure, rainfall, ground water, earthquake, triver bank corrosion and the artificial development destruction et al. Before the landslide and controlling method constructed, must uses many kind of investigation, the observation and the experimental study methods, to discuss each kind of reason cause landslide and understand it sliding mechanism. Modified the suitable preventing and controlling method of this landslide, and reduces the disaster to the smallest harm degree. This research take Shanzongliao landslide as experimental site, carries on many kind of related hillslope monitoring methods and regular observation, to collect data analysis, for understood the relationship and influence of rainfall, groundwater, stratum the disaster which possibly creates and displace. Based on observation and analyse the results were: 1. After the long time observation this area stratum belongs to the latent movement rank, only in rainy season it will promote to semi-definite movement rank. Demonstrated this research region stratum movement with rainfall has great relations. 2. This research region above and middle section of the slope were belong to the shallow layer stratum sliding, it slided depth probably in 3 to 8 meter between avalanche deposition soil and Lichi Formation. The area in down slope sectile was belong to the in-depth stratum sliding, it slided depth separately in 19 to 34 meters between. 3. According to the ground water level observation, this region the surface drainage system of research, cannot cause the ground water level dropping, increases the opportunity of the stratum effectively and sliding. Thus, suggested to improve this kind of situation by the three-dimensional drainage system in the future. 4. After the accumulation rainfall amount achieved 60mm, this research region stratum displacement quantity is attention scope 5. Demonstrated after the stable analysis result the research region situation now have a part safety faction valise although is bigger than the security value, but in the whole has not all achieved the standard rule, moreover has in the torrential rainfall and under the earthquake condition the possibility of destroys, demonstrated this research region still was at the unstable condition.
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